Renaissance Author Matching: (9)
Francesco Petrarch: Florentine, 1300’s, early Renaissance Humanist, Sonnets to Laura. Invented the Sonnet.
Castiglione: author of courtly manners, skills, and virtues that court members should have.Machiavelli: wrote, “The Prince”. A guide to rulers on how to gain and maintain power by any means necessary.
Desiderius Erasmus: Dutch priest and humanist, used his knowledge of classical languages to produce a Greek New Testament.
Thomas More: wrote Utopia, described the ideal society, martyred, saint.
Francois Rabelais: monk, physician, scholar, wrote Gargantua and Pantagruel.
William Shakespeare: English poet and playwright, 37 plays. Wrote comedies, histories and tragedies, 1,700 words invented.
Miguel de Cervantes: wrote Don Quixote.
Johann Gutenberg: invented the printing press in 1456, printed the first complete version of the Bible.

Religion Terms Matching: (15)
Lutheranism: Luther’s teachings, rejected corruption, focused on individual salvation.
Huguenots: French Protestant group that had numerous conflicts with Catholic France.
Anabaptists: believed in adult baptism, most were moderate and sought social change.Munster Uprising: Anabaptists try to bring about the end of the world in Munster,
Protestants and Catholics unite to put down the riot.predestination: the belief that God had determined long ago who would and would not gain salvation.
Martin Luther: a German monk, professor, 1517 triggered a protest against church abuses. Led to a full scale revolt.
Johann Tetzel: a priest that offered indulgences to people who donated money to St. Peter’s Cathedral.
John Calvin: founder of Calvinism, based on the belief of predestination, Protestant group.Ulrich Zwingli: a priest and admirer of Erasmus, rejected elaborate rituals and stressed the importance of the Bible.
Act of Supremacy: 1534, King Henry VIII, supreme head of the church in England. All monarchs in England rule the Church.canonized: recognized as a saint, canonically within the Catholic Church.Anglican Church: English Monarch is the head of the Church in England, creating this.Inquisition: the Church Court set up in the middle ages to find and fight heresy.Jesuits: recognized by the Pope in 1540, Society of Jesus, started by Ignatius of Loyola.
Conversos (Jews): Jews who converted to Christianity, those how did not were more restricted, those who did were watched closely.

Science People Matching: (14)
Ptolemy: ancient Greek astronomer that taught the earth was the center of the universe.N. Copernicus: 1543, Polish astronomer, published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, developed a heliocentric concept.Tycho Brahe: 1500’s, supported Copernicus’ theory with more evidence, set up an observatory.Johannes Kepler: Brahe’s assistant, German astronomer and mathematician, showed that planets revolve in an elliptical orbit.Galileo Galilei: assembled a telescope, proved Copernicus correct. Caused an uproar in the Catholic ChurchRene Descartes: Frenchman who rejected Aristotle’s assumptions, challenged the nature of science and knowledge.Francis Bacon: Englishman, rejected Aristotle’s assumptions, stressed experimentation and observation.Sir Isaac Newton: English scientist, developed theory of gravity, wrote Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy.Robert Boyle: 1600’s, distinguished between chemical compounds and individual elements, nature of temperature, pressure on gases. Galen: errant on the nature of human anatomy, medieval scholar.Ambrose Pare: French physician, invented stitches, and an ointment to prevent infections.Andreas Vaselius: 1543, published on the structure of the human body. First to provide accurate detail of human anatomy.William Harvey: early 1600’s, studied the complete circulation of artery and veins, English scholar.Anthony van Leeuwenhoek: Dutch inventor of the microscope, studied cells and microorganisms.

After the Reformation People Matching: (10)
King Henry VIII: set up the Church in England, separate from the Catholic Church, was once a great defender of the faith.Catherine of Aragon: King Henry VIII’s first wife, gave him a daughter, from Spain.Anne Boleyn: King Henry VIII’s second wife of six, beheaded.Charles V: Catherine of Aragon’s nephew, the pope did not want to upset him by annulling Henry VIII’s marriage.Sir Thomas More: great English Humanist, canonized as a saint, refused to recognize the Act of Supremacy.Queen Elizabeth I: English Queen, made a number of reforms, reinstituted the Act of Supremacy.Edward VI: inherited the thrown from Henry VIII, at the age of 10 in 1547, under him Parliament made more Protestant reforms.Pope Paul III: the leader of the Catholic Reformation, 1530’s and 1540’s tried to reform the Church and fight off the Protestant tide.Ignatius of Loyola: founded The Society of Jesus, determined to combat heresy and spread the Catholic faith.Teresa of Avila: born into a wealthy Spanish family, joined a convent in her youth, believed it was not strict enough, reformed.

Literature and Art Matching: (14)
Mona Lisa: most popular painting of DaVinci, woman with a mysterious smile.
Last Supper: shows Christ and his disciples at the Last Supper, DaVinci.
La Pieta: the sorrow of Mary as she cradles dead Christ, Michaelangelo.
David: Michaelangelo, statue of David, the Biblical Shepherd King, harmony of Greek and Christian traditions.
The Praise of Folly: Erasmus’ book, used humor to expose immoral behavior of his time.
The Prince, Machiavelli.
Courtly Manners, Castiglione.
Utopia: written by Thomas More, describes a perfect society.
Gargantua and Pantagruel: offered opinions on religion and education, written by Rabelais.
Don Quixote: book written by Cervantes, mocks the romantic notion of medieval chivalry.
95 Theses: Martin Luther’s arguments for reform of the Catholic Church, specifically the selling of indulgences.
Book of Common Prayer: Christian doctrine of text that maintains Catholic practices with a Protestant view.
Discourse on Method: written by Descartes, discard traditional knowledge and search for proof, “I think therefore I am.”Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy: explains gravity and other laws of physics in the universe.

Concept Matching: (15)
renaissance: began in Italy, means rebirth in French, began in the 1300’s, peaked in the 1500’s. Arts, science, and math all flourish.
patron: financial supporter, in the Renaissance primarily focused on the arts.antiquity: the study of Greek and Roman classics.
humanities: the subject of study in classical education.perspective: making distant objects smaller, visually realistic.
vernacular: the everyday language, spoken by the people.
indulgences: a lessening of the time a soul would spend in purgatory.
recant: to give up a doctrine, to deny or change a statement of belief, Luther was asked to recant his 95 Theses.
theocracy: government run by Church leaders, Calvin set one up in Geneva.
annulment: the Catholic Church states that the marriage never was and that it was illegitimate. Henry VIII wanted one for his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
scapegoats: people blamed for problems, regardless of true guilt.
hypothesis: a possible explanation to be tested be tested by scientific methods.
heliocentric: sun centered system.
calculus: Newtonian mathematics.
humanism: intellectual movement that founded the Renaissance, focused on the value of the individual.

Early Renaissance Italy People Matching: (7)
Cosimo de'Medici: gained control of the Florentine government in 1434, uncrowned rulers of the city.Lorenzo de'Medici: the Magnificent, represented the Renaissance ideal, held Florence together in the 1400’s.Christopher Columbus: Italian navigator, sailed to the Americas in 1492, thought he was in India. Donatello: sculptor, first life size figure since ancient times.Leonardo DaVinci: born in 1452, jack of all trades, created the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper.
Michaelangelo: La Pieta, dome of St. Peter’s Cathedral. Master of sculpting, painting and architecture.Raphael: youngest Renaissance genius, blend of Christianity and classics. Best known for depictions of Mary, the Mother of Jesus.

True / False: CORRECT FALSE ANSWERS. (30)
85. T / F Gravity is the single force that keeps planets in orbit around the sun and objects grounded.

86. T / F Monk scholars preserved the classical heritage, catalogued and maintained earthly knowledge.
87. T / F At the Diet of Worms Charles V summoned the German princes to make a decision about Luther.

88. T / F The Peasant's Revolt of 1524 spread throughout Germany. Luther denounced it, the nobles crushed it.

89. T / F In the Peace of Augsburg the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, tried to force Luther and Princes back in to Catholicism. In 1555 each Prince was allowed to decide which religion would be followed in their land. Northern states chose Lutheranism, South remained Catholic.
90. T / F Modern Anabaptists are Baptists, Quakers, Mennonites, and The Amish.
91. T / F Queen Elizabeth found an acceptable middle ground between Catholic and Protestant faiths in England.
92. T / F Catholic Reformation swept across Northern Europe, it was an attempt to salvage the Catholic Church in lieu of the Protestant Reformation.
93. T / F The Council of Trent was called for in 1545 to established the direction of reforms, it reaffirmed traditional Catholic views.
94. T / F Protestants killed priests, and trashed churches, Catholic did the same to the Protestabts, both hated Anabaptists.
95. T / F Witch Hunts were at their peak from 1450-1750, mostly women accused, social outcastes used as scapegoats for problems. Most were found in areas of social conflict, such as Germany and France.
96. T / F Jews were confined in a separate corner of the city called a ghetto, started in Venice.
97. T / F : Jews were required to wear yellow badges any time they left the ghettoes.
98. T / F In the 1550’s Pope Paul IV, and Charles V banned Jews from Spanish colonies in America; so they went to Poland, Netherlands and the Ottoman Empire.
99. T / F scientific laws are anything proved by scientific method which is a step by step process used to confirm scientific findings.