14.1 (27)
Renaissance: began in Italy, means rebirth in French, began in the 1300’s, peaked in the 1500’s. Arts, science, and math all flourish.
Florence: Italy, ruled by the Medici family, one of the centers of the Renaissance, source of inspirations and funding.
Medici Family: Florentine family of banking, thrived, expanded to wool, mining and other business investments. Bought their way in to politics and places of religious importance.
Cosimo de'Medici: gained control of the Florentine government in 1434, uncrowned rulers of the city.
Lorenzo de'Medici: Cosimo’s grandson, Lorenzo the Magnificent, represented the Renaissance ideal, held Florence together in the 1400’s.
patron: financial supporter, in the Renaissance primarily focused on the arts.
antiquity: the study of Greek and Roman classics.
monk scholars: preserved the classical heritage, catalogued and maintained earthly knowledge.
Christopher Columbus: Italian navigator, sailed to the Americas in 1492, thought he was in Indian.
Nicolas Copernicus: Polish scientist, heliocentric theory.
humanism/humanists: intellectual movement that founded the Renaissance, focused on the value of the individual.
humanities: the subject of study in classical education.
Francesco Petrarch: Florentine, 1300’s, early Renaissance Humanist, found and assembled manuscripts, wrote literature of his own, wrote Sonnets to Laura. Invented the Sonnet.
Donatello: sculptor, first life size figure since ancient times.
perspective: making distant objects smaller, visually realistic.
Leonardo DaVinci: born in 1452, one of the three Renaissance geniuses, jack of all trades, created the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper.
-Mona Lisa: most popular painting of DaVinci, woman with a mysterious smile.
-Last Supper: shows Christ and his disciples at the Last Supper, DaVinci.
-inventions: DaVinci sketched planes, helicopters and all manner of inventions that no materials existed to create.
Michaelangelo: 1 of 3 Renaissance geniuses, La Pieta, dome of St. Peter’s Cathedral. Master of sculpting, painting and architecture.
-La Pieta: the sorrow of Mary as she cradles dead Christ, Michaelangelo.
-David: Michaelangelo, statue of David, the Biblical Shepherd King, harmony of Greek and Christian traditions.
Raphael: youngest Renaissance genius, blend of Christianity and classics. Best known for he depictions of Mary, the Mother of Jesus.
-school: depicted the school of Athens, depicting himself.
Castiglione: author of courtly manners, skills, and virtues that court members should have.
Machiavelli: wrote, “The Prince”. A guide to rulers on how to gain and maintain power by any means necessary.
14.2 (11)
Desiderius Erasmus: Dutch priest and humanist, used his knowledge of classical languages to produce a Greek edition of the New Testament.
Vernacular: the everyday language, spoken by the people.
The Praise of Folly: Erasmus’ book, used humor to expose immoral behavior of his time.
Thomas More: wrote Utopia, described the ideal society, martyred, saint.
Utopia: written by Thomas More, describes a perfect society.
Francois Rabelais: monk, physician, scholar, wrote Gargantua and Pantagruel.
Gargantua and Pantagruel: offered opinions on religion and education, written by Rabelais.
William Shakespeare: English poet and playwright, 37 plays. Wrote comedies, histories and tragedies, more than 1,700 words invented in his plays.
Miguel de Cervantes: wrote Don Quixote.
Don Quixote: book written by Cervantes, mocks the romantic notion of medieval chivalry.
Johann Gutenberg: invented the printing press in 1456, printed the first complete version of the Bible.
