Algeria
Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA
Republic
Benin
Thomas YAYI Boni
Republic
Burkina Faso
Blaise COMPAORE
Parliamentary Republic
Cape Verde
Pedro Verona PIRES
Republic
Chad
Idriss DEBY Itno
Republic
Cote D'Ivoire
Laurent GBAGBO
republic; multiparty presidential regime established 1960
Egypt
Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK
Republic
Gambia
Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH
Republic
Ghana
John Evans Atta MILLS
Constitutional Democracy
Guinea-Bissau
Raimundo PEREIRA
Republic
Guinea
Moussa Dadis CAMARA
Republic
Liberia
Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF
Republic
Libya
Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI
Jamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, governed by the populace through local councils; in practice, an authoritarian state
Mali
Amadou Toumani TOURE
Republic
Mauritania
Mohamed Ould Abdel AZIZ
Military Junta
Morocco
King MOHAMMED VI
Constitutional Monarchy
Niger
Mamadou TANDJA
Republic
Nigeria
Umaru Musa YAR'ADUA
Federal Republic
Senegal
Abdoulaye WADE
Republic
Sierra Leone
Ernest Bai KOROMA
Constitutional Democracy
Togo
Faure GNASSINGBE
republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule
Tunisia
President Zine el Abidine BEN ALI
Republic
Monday, March 16, 2009
Renaissance Author Matching: (9)
Francesco Petrarch: Florentine, 1300’s, early Renaissance Humanist, Sonnets to Laura. Invented the Sonnet.
Castiglione: author of courtly manners, skills, and virtues that court members should have.Machiavelli: wrote, “The Prince”. A guide to rulers on how to gain and maintain power by any means necessary.
Desiderius Erasmus: Dutch priest and humanist, used his knowledge of classical languages to produce a Greek New Testament.
Thomas More: wrote Utopia, described the ideal society, martyred, saint.
Francois Rabelais: monk, physician, scholar, wrote Gargantua and Pantagruel.
William Shakespeare: English poet and playwright, 37 plays. Wrote comedies, histories and tragedies, 1,700 words invented.
Miguel de Cervantes: wrote Don Quixote.
Johann Gutenberg: invented the printing press in 1456, printed the first complete version of the Bible.
Religion Terms Matching: (15)
Lutheranism: Luther’s teachings, rejected corruption, focused on individual salvation.
Huguenots: French Protestant group that had numerous conflicts with Catholic France.
Anabaptists: believed in adult baptism, most were moderate and sought social change.Munster Uprising: Anabaptists try to bring about the end of the world in Munster,
Protestants and Catholics unite to put down the riot.predestination: the belief that God had determined long ago who would and would not gain salvation.
Martin Luther: a German monk, professor, 1517 triggered a protest against church abuses. Led to a full scale revolt.
Johann Tetzel: a priest that offered indulgences to people who donated money to St. Peter’s Cathedral.
John Calvin: founder of Calvinism, based on the belief of predestination, Protestant group.Ulrich Zwingli: a priest and admirer of Erasmus, rejected elaborate rituals and stressed the importance of the Bible.
Act of Supremacy: 1534, King Henry VIII, supreme head of the church in England. All monarchs in England rule the Church.canonized: recognized as a saint, canonically within the Catholic Church.Anglican Church: English Monarch is the head of the Church in England, creating this.Inquisition: the Church Court set up in the middle ages to find and fight heresy.Jesuits: recognized by the Pope in 1540, Society of Jesus, started by Ignatius of Loyola.
Conversos (Jews): Jews who converted to Christianity, those how did not were more restricted, those who did were watched closely.
Science People Matching: (14)
Ptolemy: ancient Greek astronomer that taught the earth was the center of the universe.N. Copernicus: 1543, Polish astronomer, published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, developed a heliocentric concept.Tycho Brahe: 1500’s, supported Copernicus’ theory with more evidence, set up an observatory.Johannes Kepler: Brahe’s assistant, German astronomer and mathematician, showed that planets revolve in an elliptical orbit.Galileo Galilei: assembled a telescope, proved Copernicus correct. Caused an uproar in the Catholic ChurchRene Descartes: Frenchman who rejected Aristotle’s assumptions, challenged the nature of science and knowledge.Francis Bacon: Englishman, rejected Aristotle’s assumptions, stressed experimentation and observation.Sir Isaac Newton: English scientist, developed theory of gravity, wrote Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy.Robert Boyle: 1600’s, distinguished between chemical compounds and individual elements, nature of temperature, pressure on gases. Galen: errant on the nature of human anatomy, medieval scholar.Ambrose Pare: French physician, invented stitches, and an ointment to prevent infections.Andreas Vaselius: 1543, published on the structure of the human body. First to provide accurate detail of human anatomy.William Harvey: early 1600’s, studied the complete circulation of artery and veins, English scholar.Anthony van Leeuwenhoek: Dutch inventor of the microscope, studied cells and microorganisms.
After the Reformation People Matching: (10)
King Henry VIII: set up the Church in England, separate from the Catholic Church, was once a great defender of the faith.Catherine of Aragon: King Henry VIII’s first wife, gave him a daughter, from Spain.Anne Boleyn: King Henry VIII’s second wife of six, beheaded.Charles V: Catherine of Aragon’s nephew, the pope did not want to upset him by annulling Henry VIII’s marriage.Sir Thomas More: great English Humanist, canonized as a saint, refused to recognize the Act of Supremacy.Queen Elizabeth I: English Queen, made a number of reforms, reinstituted the Act of Supremacy.Edward VI: inherited the thrown from Henry VIII, at the age of 10 in 1547, under him Parliament made more Protestant reforms.Pope Paul III: the leader of the Catholic Reformation, 1530’s and 1540’s tried to reform the Church and fight off the Protestant tide.Ignatius of Loyola: founded The Society of Jesus, determined to combat heresy and spread the Catholic faith.Teresa of Avila: born into a wealthy Spanish family, joined a convent in her youth, believed it was not strict enough, reformed.
Literature and Art Matching: (14)
Mona Lisa: most popular painting of DaVinci, woman with a mysterious smile.
Last Supper: shows Christ and his disciples at the Last Supper, DaVinci.
La Pieta: the sorrow of Mary as she cradles dead Christ, Michaelangelo.
David: Michaelangelo, statue of David, the Biblical Shepherd King, harmony of Greek and Christian traditions.
The Praise of Folly: Erasmus’ book, used humor to expose immoral behavior of his time.
The Prince, Machiavelli.
Courtly Manners, Castiglione.
Utopia: written by Thomas More, describes a perfect society.
Gargantua and Pantagruel: offered opinions on religion and education, written by Rabelais.
Don Quixote: book written by Cervantes, mocks the romantic notion of medieval chivalry.
95 Theses: Martin Luther’s arguments for reform of the Catholic Church, specifically the selling of indulgences.
Book of Common Prayer: Christian doctrine of text that maintains Catholic practices with a Protestant view.
Discourse on Method: written by Descartes, discard traditional knowledge and search for proof, “I think therefore I am.”Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy: explains gravity and other laws of physics in the universe.
Concept Matching: (15)
renaissance: began in Italy, means rebirth in French, began in the 1300’s, peaked in the 1500’s. Arts, science, and math all flourish.
patron: financial supporter, in the Renaissance primarily focused on the arts.antiquity: the study of Greek and Roman classics.
humanities: the subject of study in classical education.perspective: making distant objects smaller, visually realistic.
vernacular: the everyday language, spoken by the people.
indulgences: a lessening of the time a soul would spend in purgatory.
recant: to give up a doctrine, to deny or change a statement of belief, Luther was asked to recant his 95 Theses.
theocracy: government run by Church leaders, Calvin set one up in Geneva.
annulment: the Catholic Church states that the marriage never was and that it was illegitimate. Henry VIII wanted one for his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
scapegoats: people blamed for problems, regardless of true guilt.
hypothesis: a possible explanation to be tested be tested by scientific methods.
heliocentric: sun centered system.
calculus: Newtonian mathematics.
humanism: intellectual movement that founded the Renaissance, focused on the value of the individual.
Early Renaissance Italy People Matching: (7)
Cosimo de'Medici: gained control of the Florentine government in 1434, uncrowned rulers of the city.Lorenzo de'Medici: the Magnificent, represented the Renaissance ideal, held Florence together in the 1400’s.Christopher Columbus: Italian navigator, sailed to the Americas in 1492, thought he was in India. Donatello: sculptor, first life size figure since ancient times.Leonardo DaVinci: born in 1452, jack of all trades, created the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper.
Michaelangelo: La Pieta, dome of St. Peter’s Cathedral. Master of sculpting, painting and architecture.Raphael: youngest Renaissance genius, blend of Christianity and classics. Best known for depictions of Mary, the Mother of Jesus.
True / False: CORRECT FALSE ANSWERS. (30)
85. T / F Gravity is the single force that keeps planets in orbit around the sun and objects grounded.
86. T / F Monk scholars preserved the classical heritage, catalogued and maintained earthly knowledge.
87. T / F At the Diet of Worms Charles V summoned the German princes to make a decision about Luther.
88. T / F The Peasant's Revolt of 1524 spread throughout Germany. Luther denounced it, the nobles crushed it.
89. T / F In the Peace of Augsburg the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, tried to force Luther and Princes back in to Catholicism. In 1555 each Prince was allowed to decide which religion would be followed in their land. Northern states chose Lutheranism, South remained Catholic.
90. T / F Modern Anabaptists are Baptists, Quakers, Mennonites, and The Amish.
91. T / F Queen Elizabeth found an acceptable middle ground between Catholic and Protestant faiths in England.
92. T / F Catholic Reformation swept across Northern Europe, it was an attempt to salvage the Catholic Church in lieu of the Protestant Reformation.
93. T / F The Council of Trent was called for in 1545 to established the direction of reforms, it reaffirmed traditional Catholic views.
94. T / F Protestants killed priests, and trashed churches, Catholic did the same to the Protestabts, both hated Anabaptists.
95. T / F Witch Hunts were at their peak from 1450-1750, mostly women accused, social outcastes used as scapegoats for problems. Most were found in areas of social conflict, such as Germany and France.
96. T / F Jews were confined in a separate corner of the city called a ghetto, started in Venice.
97. T / F : Jews were required to wear yellow badges any time they left the ghettoes.
98. T / F In the 1550’s Pope Paul IV, and Charles V banned Jews from Spanish colonies in America; so they went to Poland, Netherlands and the Ottoman Empire.
99. T / F scientific laws are anything proved by scientific method which is a step by step process used to confirm scientific findings.
Francesco Petrarch: Florentine, 1300’s, early Renaissance Humanist, Sonnets to Laura. Invented the Sonnet.
Castiglione: author of courtly manners, skills, and virtues that court members should have.Machiavelli: wrote, “The Prince”. A guide to rulers on how to gain and maintain power by any means necessary.
Desiderius Erasmus: Dutch priest and humanist, used his knowledge of classical languages to produce a Greek New Testament.
Thomas More: wrote Utopia, described the ideal society, martyred, saint.
Francois Rabelais: monk, physician, scholar, wrote Gargantua and Pantagruel.
William Shakespeare: English poet and playwright, 37 plays. Wrote comedies, histories and tragedies, 1,700 words invented.
Miguel de Cervantes: wrote Don Quixote.
Johann Gutenberg: invented the printing press in 1456, printed the first complete version of the Bible.
Religion Terms Matching: (15)
Lutheranism: Luther’s teachings, rejected corruption, focused on individual salvation.
Huguenots: French Protestant group that had numerous conflicts with Catholic France.
Anabaptists: believed in adult baptism, most were moderate and sought social change.Munster Uprising: Anabaptists try to bring about the end of the world in Munster,
Protestants and Catholics unite to put down the riot.predestination: the belief that God had determined long ago who would and would not gain salvation.
Martin Luther: a German monk, professor, 1517 triggered a protest against church abuses. Led to a full scale revolt.
Johann Tetzel: a priest that offered indulgences to people who donated money to St. Peter’s Cathedral.
John Calvin: founder of Calvinism, based on the belief of predestination, Protestant group.Ulrich Zwingli: a priest and admirer of Erasmus, rejected elaborate rituals and stressed the importance of the Bible.
Act of Supremacy: 1534, King Henry VIII, supreme head of the church in England. All monarchs in England rule the Church.canonized: recognized as a saint, canonically within the Catholic Church.Anglican Church: English Monarch is the head of the Church in England, creating this.Inquisition: the Church Court set up in the middle ages to find and fight heresy.Jesuits: recognized by the Pope in 1540, Society of Jesus, started by Ignatius of Loyola.
Conversos (Jews): Jews who converted to Christianity, those how did not were more restricted, those who did were watched closely.
Science People Matching: (14)
Ptolemy: ancient Greek astronomer that taught the earth was the center of the universe.N. Copernicus: 1543, Polish astronomer, published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, developed a heliocentric concept.Tycho Brahe: 1500’s, supported Copernicus’ theory with more evidence, set up an observatory.Johannes Kepler: Brahe’s assistant, German astronomer and mathematician, showed that planets revolve in an elliptical orbit.Galileo Galilei: assembled a telescope, proved Copernicus correct. Caused an uproar in the Catholic ChurchRene Descartes: Frenchman who rejected Aristotle’s assumptions, challenged the nature of science and knowledge.Francis Bacon: Englishman, rejected Aristotle’s assumptions, stressed experimentation and observation.Sir Isaac Newton: English scientist, developed theory of gravity, wrote Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy.Robert Boyle: 1600’s, distinguished between chemical compounds and individual elements, nature of temperature, pressure on gases. Galen: errant on the nature of human anatomy, medieval scholar.Ambrose Pare: French physician, invented stitches, and an ointment to prevent infections.Andreas Vaselius: 1543, published on the structure of the human body. First to provide accurate detail of human anatomy.William Harvey: early 1600’s, studied the complete circulation of artery and veins, English scholar.Anthony van Leeuwenhoek: Dutch inventor of the microscope, studied cells and microorganisms.
After the Reformation People Matching: (10)
King Henry VIII: set up the Church in England, separate from the Catholic Church, was once a great defender of the faith.Catherine of Aragon: King Henry VIII’s first wife, gave him a daughter, from Spain.Anne Boleyn: King Henry VIII’s second wife of six, beheaded.Charles V: Catherine of Aragon’s nephew, the pope did not want to upset him by annulling Henry VIII’s marriage.Sir Thomas More: great English Humanist, canonized as a saint, refused to recognize the Act of Supremacy.Queen Elizabeth I: English Queen, made a number of reforms, reinstituted the Act of Supremacy.Edward VI: inherited the thrown from Henry VIII, at the age of 10 in 1547, under him Parliament made more Protestant reforms.Pope Paul III: the leader of the Catholic Reformation, 1530’s and 1540’s tried to reform the Church and fight off the Protestant tide.Ignatius of Loyola: founded The Society of Jesus, determined to combat heresy and spread the Catholic faith.Teresa of Avila: born into a wealthy Spanish family, joined a convent in her youth, believed it was not strict enough, reformed.
Literature and Art Matching: (14)
Mona Lisa: most popular painting of DaVinci, woman with a mysterious smile.
Last Supper: shows Christ and his disciples at the Last Supper, DaVinci.
La Pieta: the sorrow of Mary as she cradles dead Christ, Michaelangelo.
David: Michaelangelo, statue of David, the Biblical Shepherd King, harmony of Greek and Christian traditions.
The Praise of Folly: Erasmus’ book, used humor to expose immoral behavior of his time.
The Prince, Machiavelli.
Courtly Manners, Castiglione.
Utopia: written by Thomas More, describes a perfect society.
Gargantua and Pantagruel: offered opinions on religion and education, written by Rabelais.
Don Quixote: book written by Cervantes, mocks the romantic notion of medieval chivalry.
95 Theses: Martin Luther’s arguments for reform of the Catholic Church, specifically the selling of indulgences.
Book of Common Prayer: Christian doctrine of text that maintains Catholic practices with a Protestant view.
Discourse on Method: written by Descartes, discard traditional knowledge and search for proof, “I think therefore I am.”Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy: explains gravity and other laws of physics in the universe.
Concept Matching: (15)
renaissance: began in Italy, means rebirth in French, began in the 1300’s, peaked in the 1500’s. Arts, science, and math all flourish.
patron: financial supporter, in the Renaissance primarily focused on the arts.antiquity: the study of Greek and Roman classics.
humanities: the subject of study in classical education.perspective: making distant objects smaller, visually realistic.
vernacular: the everyday language, spoken by the people.
indulgences: a lessening of the time a soul would spend in purgatory.
recant: to give up a doctrine, to deny or change a statement of belief, Luther was asked to recant his 95 Theses.
theocracy: government run by Church leaders, Calvin set one up in Geneva.
annulment: the Catholic Church states that the marriage never was and that it was illegitimate. Henry VIII wanted one for his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
scapegoats: people blamed for problems, regardless of true guilt.
hypothesis: a possible explanation to be tested be tested by scientific methods.
heliocentric: sun centered system.
calculus: Newtonian mathematics.
humanism: intellectual movement that founded the Renaissance, focused on the value of the individual.
Early Renaissance Italy People Matching: (7)
Cosimo de'Medici: gained control of the Florentine government in 1434, uncrowned rulers of the city.Lorenzo de'Medici: the Magnificent, represented the Renaissance ideal, held Florence together in the 1400’s.Christopher Columbus: Italian navigator, sailed to the Americas in 1492, thought he was in India. Donatello: sculptor, first life size figure since ancient times.Leonardo DaVinci: born in 1452, jack of all trades, created the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper.
Michaelangelo: La Pieta, dome of St. Peter’s Cathedral. Master of sculpting, painting and architecture.Raphael: youngest Renaissance genius, blend of Christianity and classics. Best known for depictions of Mary, the Mother of Jesus.
True / False: CORRECT FALSE ANSWERS. (30)
85. T / F Gravity is the single force that keeps planets in orbit around the sun and objects grounded.
86. T / F Monk scholars preserved the classical heritage, catalogued and maintained earthly knowledge.
87. T / F At the Diet of Worms Charles V summoned the German princes to make a decision about Luther.
88. T / F The Peasant's Revolt of 1524 spread throughout Germany. Luther denounced it, the nobles crushed it.
89. T / F In the Peace of Augsburg the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, tried to force Luther and Princes back in to Catholicism. In 1555 each Prince was allowed to decide which religion would be followed in their land. Northern states chose Lutheranism, South remained Catholic.
90. T / F Modern Anabaptists are Baptists, Quakers, Mennonites, and The Amish.
91. T / F Queen Elizabeth found an acceptable middle ground between Catholic and Protestant faiths in England.
92. T / F Catholic Reformation swept across Northern Europe, it was an attempt to salvage the Catholic Church in lieu of the Protestant Reformation.
93. T / F The Council of Trent was called for in 1545 to established the direction of reforms, it reaffirmed traditional Catholic views.
94. T / F Protestants killed priests, and trashed churches, Catholic did the same to the Protestabts, both hated Anabaptists.
95. T / F Witch Hunts were at their peak from 1450-1750, mostly women accused, social outcastes used as scapegoats for problems. Most were found in areas of social conflict, such as Germany and France.
96. T / F Jews were confined in a separate corner of the city called a ghetto, started in Venice.
97. T / F : Jews were required to wear yellow badges any time they left the ghettoes.
98. T / F In the 1550’s Pope Paul IV, and Charles V banned Jews from Spanish colonies in America; so they went to Poland, Netherlands and the Ottoman Empire.
99. T / F scientific laws are anything proved by scientific method which is a step by step process used to confirm scientific findings.
7th Grade Exam Structure
Renaissance Author Matching: (9)
Francesco Petrarch: Florentine, 1300’s, early Renaissance Humanist, Sonnets to Laura. Invented the Sonnet.
Castiglione: author of courtly manners, skills, and virtues that court members should have.Machiavelli: wrote, “The Prince”. A guide to rulers on how to gain and maintain power by any means necessary.
Desiderius Erasmus: Dutch priest and humanist, used his knowledge of classical languages to produce a Greek New Testament.
Thomas More: wrote Utopia, described the ideal society, martyred, saint.
Francois Rabelais: monk, physician, scholar, wrote Gargantua and Pantagruel.
William Shakespeare: English poet and playwright, 37 plays. Wrote comedies, histories and tragedies, 1,700 words invented.
Miguel de Cervantes: wrote Don Quixote.
Johann Gutenberg: invented the printing press in 1456, printed the first complete version of the Bible.
Religion Terms Matching: (15)
Lutheranism: Luther’s teachings, rejected corruption, focused on individual salvation.
Huguenots: French Protestant group that had numerous conflicts with Catholic France.
Anabaptists: believed in adult baptism, most were moderate and sought social change.Munster Uprising: Anabaptists try to bring about the end of the world in Munster,
Protestants and Catholics unite to put down the riot.predestination: the belief that God had determined long ago who would and would not gain salvation.
Martin Luther: a German monk, professor, 1517 triggered a protest against church abuses. Led to a full scale revolt.
Johann Tetzel: a priest that offered indulgences to people who donated money to St. Peter’s Cathedral.
John Calvin: founder of Calvinism, based on the belief of predestination, Protestant group.Ulrich Zwingli: a priest and admirer of Erasmus, rejected elaborate rituals and stressed the importance of the Bible.
Act of Supremacy: 1534, King Henry VIII, supreme head of the church in England. All monarchs in England rule the Church.canonized: recognized as a saint, canonically within the Catholic Church.Anglican Church: English Monarch is the head of the Church in England, creating this.Inquisition: the Church Court set up in the middle ages to find and fight heresy.Jesuits: recognized by the Pope in 1540, Society of Jesus, started by Ignatius of Loyola.
Conversos (Jews): Jews who converted to Christianity, those how did not were more restricted, those who did were watched closely.
Science People Matching: (14)
Ptolemy: ancient Greek astronomer that taught the earth was the center of the universe.N. Copernicus: 1543, Polish astronomer, published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, developed a heliocentric concept.Tycho Brahe: 1500’s, supported Copernicus’ theory with more evidence, set up an observatory.Johannes Kepler: Brahe’s assistant, German astronomer and mathematician, showed that planets revolve in an elliptical orbit.Galileo Galilei: assembled a telescope, proved Copernicus correct. Caused an uproar in the Catholic ChurchRene Descartes: Frenchman who rejected Aristotle’s assumptions, challenged the nature of science and knowledge.Francis Bacon: Englishman, rejected Aristotle’s assumptions, stressed experimentation and observation.Sir Isaac Newton: English scientist, developed theory of gravity, wrote Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy.Robert Boyle: 1600’s, distinguished between chemical compounds and individual elements, nature of temperature, pressure on gases. Galen: errant on the nature of human anatomy, medieval scholar.Ambrose Pare: French physician, invented stitches, and an ointment to prevent infections.Andreas Vaselius: 1543, published on the structure of the human body. First to provide accurate detail of human anatomy.William Harvey: early 1600’s, studied the complete circulation of artery and veins, English scholar.Anthony van Leeuwenhoek: Dutch inventor of the microscope, studied cells and microorganisms.
After the Reformation People Matching: (10)
King Henry VIII: set up the Church in England, separate from the Catholic Church, was once a great defender of the faith.Catherine of Aragon: King Henry VIII’s first wife, gave him a daughter, from Spain.Anne Boleyn: King Henry VIII’s second wife of six, beheaded.Charles V: Catherine of Aragon’s nephew, the pope did not want to upset him by annulling Henry VIII’s marriage.Sir Thomas More: great English Humanist, canonized as a saint, refused to recognize the Act of Supremacy.Queen Elizabeth I: English Queen, made a number of reforms, reinstituted the Act of Supremacy.Edward VI: inherited the thrown from Henry VIII, at the age of 10 in 1547, under him Parliament made more Protestant reforms.Pope Paul III: the leader of the Catholic Reformation, 1530’s and 1540’s tried to reform the Church and fight off the Protestant tide.Ignatius of Loyola: founded The Society of Jesus, determined to combat heresy and spread the Catholic faith.Teresa of Avila: born into a wealthy Spanish family, joined a convent in her youth, believed it was not strict enough, reformed.
Literature and Art Matching: (14)
Mona Lisa: most popular painting of DaVinci, woman with a mysterious smile.
Last Supper: shows Christ and his disciples at the Last Supper, DaVinci.
La Pieta: the sorrow of Mary as she cradles dead Christ, Michaelangelo.
David: Michaelangelo, statue of David, the Biblical Shepherd King, harmony of Greek and Christian traditions.
The Praise of Folly: Erasmus’ book, used humor to expose immoral behavior of his time.
The Prince, Machiavelli.
Courtly Manners, Castiglione.
Utopia: written by Thomas More, describes a perfect society.
Gargantua and Pantagruel: offered opinions on religion and education, written by Rabelais.
Don Quixote: book written by Cervantes, mocks the romantic notion of medieval chivalry.
95 Theses: Martin Luther’s arguments for reform of the Catholic Church, specifically the selling of indulgences.
Book of Common Prayer: Christian doctrine of text that maintains Catholic practices with a Protestant view.
Discourse on Method: written by Descartes, discard traditional knowledge and search for proof, “I think therefore I am.”Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy: explains gravity and other laws of physics in the universe.
Concept Matching: (15)
renaissance: began in Italy, means rebirth in French, began in the 1300’s, peaked in the 1500’s. Arts, science, and math all flourish.
patron: financial supporter, in the Renaissance primarily focused on the arts.antiquity: the study of Greek and Roman classics.
humanities: the subject of study in classical education.perspective: making distant objects smaller, visually realistic.
vernacular: the everyday language, spoken by the people.
indulgences: a lessening of the time a soul would spend in purgatory.
recant: to give up a doctrine, to deny or change a statement of belief, Luther was asked to recant his 95 Theses.
theocracy: government run by Church leaders, Calvin set one up in Geneva.
annulment: the Catholic Church states that the marriage never was and that it was illegitimate. Henry VIII wanted one for his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
scapegoats: people blamed for problems, regardless of true guilt.
hypothesis: a possible explanation to be tested be tested by scientific methods.
heliocentric: sun centered system.
calculus: Newtonian mathematics.
humanism: intellectual movement that founded the Renaissance, focused on the value of the individual.
Early Renaissance Italy People Matching: (7)
Cosimo de'Medici: gained control of the Florentine government in 1434, uncrowned rulers of the city.Lorenzo de'Medici: the Magnificent, represented the Renaissance ideal, held Florence together in the 1400’s.Christopher Columbus: Italian navigator, sailed to the Americas in 1492, thought he was in India. Donatello: sculptor, first life size figure since ancient times.Leonardo DaVinci: born in 1452, jack of all trades, created the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper.
Michaelangelo: La Pieta, dome of St. Peter’s Cathedral. Master of sculpting, painting and architecture.Raphael: youngest Renaissance genius, blend of Christianity and classics. Best known for depictions of Mary, the Mother of Jesus.
True / False: CORRECT FALSE ANSWERS. (30)
gravity: Isaac Newton’s single force that keeps planets in orbit around the sun and objects grounded.
monk scholars: preserved the classical heritage, catalogued and maintained earthly knowledge. Diet of Worms: Charles V summoned the German princes to make a decision about Luther.
Peasant's Revolt: 1524, spread throughout Germany, an end to serfdom. Luther denounced it, the nobles crushed it.
Peace of Augsburg: Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V tried to force Luther and Princes back in to the Catholic, in 1555 each Prince was allowed to decide which religion would be followed in their land. Northern states chose Lutheranism, South remained Catholic.modern Anabaptists: Baptists, Quakers, Mennonites, and The Amish. compromise: Queen Elizabeth found an acceptable middle ground between Catholic and Protestant faiths in England.Catholic Reformation swept across Northern Europe, an attempt to salvage the Catholic Church in lieu of the Protestant Reformation.Council of Trent: called for in 1545 to established to the direction of reforms, reaffirmed traditional Catholic views.Catholics vs Protestants vs Anabaptists: everyone persecuted each other, Protestants killed priests, and trashed churches, Catholic did the same, both hated Anabaptists.Witch Hunts: 1450-1750, mostly women accused, social outcastes used as scapegoats for problems. Most were found in areas of social conflict, such as Germany and France.ghetto: Jews were confined in a separate corner of the city, started in Venice.yellow badges: Jews were required to wear these any time they left the ghettoes. Jewish migrations: in the 1550’s Pope Paul IV, and Charles V banned them from Spanish colonies in America. So they went to Poland, Netherlands and the Ottoman Empire.
scientific laws: anything proved by scientific method: scientific method: step by step process used to confirm scientific findings.
Francesco Petrarch: Florentine, 1300’s, early Renaissance Humanist, Sonnets to Laura. Invented the Sonnet.
Castiglione: author of courtly manners, skills, and virtues that court members should have.Machiavelli: wrote, “The Prince”. A guide to rulers on how to gain and maintain power by any means necessary.
Desiderius Erasmus: Dutch priest and humanist, used his knowledge of classical languages to produce a Greek New Testament.
Thomas More: wrote Utopia, described the ideal society, martyred, saint.
Francois Rabelais: monk, physician, scholar, wrote Gargantua and Pantagruel.
William Shakespeare: English poet and playwright, 37 plays. Wrote comedies, histories and tragedies, 1,700 words invented.
Miguel de Cervantes: wrote Don Quixote.
Johann Gutenberg: invented the printing press in 1456, printed the first complete version of the Bible.
Religion Terms Matching: (15)
Lutheranism: Luther’s teachings, rejected corruption, focused on individual salvation.
Huguenots: French Protestant group that had numerous conflicts with Catholic France.
Anabaptists: believed in adult baptism, most were moderate and sought social change.Munster Uprising: Anabaptists try to bring about the end of the world in Munster,
Protestants and Catholics unite to put down the riot.predestination: the belief that God had determined long ago who would and would not gain salvation.
Martin Luther: a German monk, professor, 1517 triggered a protest against church abuses. Led to a full scale revolt.
Johann Tetzel: a priest that offered indulgences to people who donated money to St. Peter’s Cathedral.
John Calvin: founder of Calvinism, based on the belief of predestination, Protestant group.Ulrich Zwingli: a priest and admirer of Erasmus, rejected elaborate rituals and stressed the importance of the Bible.
Act of Supremacy: 1534, King Henry VIII, supreme head of the church in England. All monarchs in England rule the Church.canonized: recognized as a saint, canonically within the Catholic Church.Anglican Church: English Monarch is the head of the Church in England, creating this.Inquisition: the Church Court set up in the middle ages to find and fight heresy.Jesuits: recognized by the Pope in 1540, Society of Jesus, started by Ignatius of Loyola.
Conversos (Jews): Jews who converted to Christianity, those how did not were more restricted, those who did were watched closely.
Science People Matching: (14)
Ptolemy: ancient Greek astronomer that taught the earth was the center of the universe.N. Copernicus: 1543, Polish astronomer, published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, developed a heliocentric concept.Tycho Brahe: 1500’s, supported Copernicus’ theory with more evidence, set up an observatory.Johannes Kepler: Brahe’s assistant, German astronomer and mathematician, showed that planets revolve in an elliptical orbit.Galileo Galilei: assembled a telescope, proved Copernicus correct. Caused an uproar in the Catholic ChurchRene Descartes: Frenchman who rejected Aristotle’s assumptions, challenged the nature of science and knowledge.Francis Bacon: Englishman, rejected Aristotle’s assumptions, stressed experimentation and observation.Sir Isaac Newton: English scientist, developed theory of gravity, wrote Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy.Robert Boyle: 1600’s, distinguished between chemical compounds and individual elements, nature of temperature, pressure on gases. Galen: errant on the nature of human anatomy, medieval scholar.Ambrose Pare: French physician, invented stitches, and an ointment to prevent infections.Andreas Vaselius: 1543, published on the structure of the human body. First to provide accurate detail of human anatomy.William Harvey: early 1600’s, studied the complete circulation of artery and veins, English scholar.Anthony van Leeuwenhoek: Dutch inventor of the microscope, studied cells and microorganisms.
After the Reformation People Matching: (10)
King Henry VIII: set up the Church in England, separate from the Catholic Church, was once a great defender of the faith.Catherine of Aragon: King Henry VIII’s first wife, gave him a daughter, from Spain.Anne Boleyn: King Henry VIII’s second wife of six, beheaded.Charles V: Catherine of Aragon’s nephew, the pope did not want to upset him by annulling Henry VIII’s marriage.Sir Thomas More: great English Humanist, canonized as a saint, refused to recognize the Act of Supremacy.Queen Elizabeth I: English Queen, made a number of reforms, reinstituted the Act of Supremacy.Edward VI: inherited the thrown from Henry VIII, at the age of 10 in 1547, under him Parliament made more Protestant reforms.Pope Paul III: the leader of the Catholic Reformation, 1530’s and 1540’s tried to reform the Church and fight off the Protestant tide.Ignatius of Loyola: founded The Society of Jesus, determined to combat heresy and spread the Catholic faith.Teresa of Avila: born into a wealthy Spanish family, joined a convent in her youth, believed it was not strict enough, reformed.
Literature and Art Matching: (14)
Mona Lisa: most popular painting of DaVinci, woman with a mysterious smile.
Last Supper: shows Christ and his disciples at the Last Supper, DaVinci.
La Pieta: the sorrow of Mary as she cradles dead Christ, Michaelangelo.
David: Michaelangelo, statue of David, the Biblical Shepherd King, harmony of Greek and Christian traditions.
The Praise of Folly: Erasmus’ book, used humor to expose immoral behavior of his time.
The Prince, Machiavelli.
Courtly Manners, Castiglione.
Utopia: written by Thomas More, describes a perfect society.
Gargantua and Pantagruel: offered opinions on religion and education, written by Rabelais.
Don Quixote: book written by Cervantes, mocks the romantic notion of medieval chivalry.
95 Theses: Martin Luther’s arguments for reform of the Catholic Church, specifically the selling of indulgences.
Book of Common Prayer: Christian doctrine of text that maintains Catholic practices with a Protestant view.
Discourse on Method: written by Descartes, discard traditional knowledge and search for proof, “I think therefore I am.”Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy: explains gravity and other laws of physics in the universe.
Concept Matching: (15)
renaissance: began in Italy, means rebirth in French, began in the 1300’s, peaked in the 1500’s. Arts, science, and math all flourish.
patron: financial supporter, in the Renaissance primarily focused on the arts.antiquity: the study of Greek and Roman classics.
humanities: the subject of study in classical education.perspective: making distant objects smaller, visually realistic.
vernacular: the everyday language, spoken by the people.
indulgences: a lessening of the time a soul would spend in purgatory.
recant: to give up a doctrine, to deny or change a statement of belief, Luther was asked to recant his 95 Theses.
theocracy: government run by Church leaders, Calvin set one up in Geneva.
annulment: the Catholic Church states that the marriage never was and that it was illegitimate. Henry VIII wanted one for his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
scapegoats: people blamed for problems, regardless of true guilt.
hypothesis: a possible explanation to be tested be tested by scientific methods.
heliocentric: sun centered system.
calculus: Newtonian mathematics.
humanism: intellectual movement that founded the Renaissance, focused on the value of the individual.
Early Renaissance Italy People Matching: (7)
Cosimo de'Medici: gained control of the Florentine government in 1434, uncrowned rulers of the city.Lorenzo de'Medici: the Magnificent, represented the Renaissance ideal, held Florence together in the 1400’s.Christopher Columbus: Italian navigator, sailed to the Americas in 1492, thought he was in India. Donatello: sculptor, first life size figure since ancient times.Leonardo DaVinci: born in 1452, jack of all trades, created the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper.
Michaelangelo: La Pieta, dome of St. Peter’s Cathedral. Master of sculpting, painting and architecture.Raphael: youngest Renaissance genius, blend of Christianity and classics. Best known for depictions of Mary, the Mother of Jesus.
True / False: CORRECT FALSE ANSWERS. (30)
gravity: Isaac Newton’s single force that keeps planets in orbit around the sun and objects grounded.
monk scholars: preserved the classical heritage, catalogued and maintained earthly knowledge. Diet of Worms: Charles V summoned the German princes to make a decision about Luther.
Peasant's Revolt: 1524, spread throughout Germany, an end to serfdom. Luther denounced it, the nobles crushed it.
Peace of Augsburg: Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V tried to force Luther and Princes back in to the Catholic, in 1555 each Prince was allowed to decide which religion would be followed in their land. Northern states chose Lutheranism, South remained Catholic.modern Anabaptists: Baptists, Quakers, Mennonites, and The Amish. compromise: Queen Elizabeth found an acceptable middle ground between Catholic and Protestant faiths in England.Catholic Reformation swept across Northern Europe, an attempt to salvage the Catholic Church in lieu of the Protestant Reformation.Council of Trent: called for in 1545 to established to the direction of reforms, reaffirmed traditional Catholic views.Catholics vs Protestants vs Anabaptists: everyone persecuted each other, Protestants killed priests, and trashed churches, Catholic did the same, both hated Anabaptists.Witch Hunts: 1450-1750, mostly women accused, social outcastes used as scapegoats for problems. Most were found in areas of social conflict, such as Germany and France.ghetto: Jews were confined in a separate corner of the city, started in Venice.yellow badges: Jews were required to wear these any time they left the ghettoes. Jewish migrations: in the 1550’s Pope Paul IV, and Charles V banned them from Spanish colonies in America. So they went to Poland, Netherlands and the Ottoman Empire.
scientific laws: anything proved by scientific method: scientific method: step by step process used to confirm scientific findings.
Friday, March 13, 2009
6th Grade Central American Exam Terms
1500's: Europe colonizes Central America. 1821: United Provinces of Central America separates from Spain.
1838-1839: UPCA forms separate nations.1800's: British leave Nicaragua
1903: Panama gains independence from United States.1979: Sandinistas overthrow a dictator in Nicaragua
1981: British Honduras becomes independent, modern Belize.1980's: El Salvador’s Civil War.1992: end of El Salvador’s Civil War1990: end of Nicaraguan Civil War
Isthmus: a neck of land connecting two larger areas.Archipelago: large group of islandscloud forest: high elevation wet tropical, low clouds are common.hurricane season: between June and November.volcanic ash: natural fertilizer of the Caribbean. mestizo: people of mixed Indian and European heritage.
cacao: a tree with cocoa beans. dictator: a ruler that rules with absolute authority. civil war: a conflict between two or more groups within a nation. ecotourism: using natural beauty to appeal to the tourism industry.
Creole: a language dialect of French Haitians.
Santeria: African religions mixed with Catholicismcalypso: music of Trinidad and Tobago, steeldrums.reggae: Jamaican music, mixture of ska and rocksteady.meringue: national dance and music of the Dominican Republicguerilla: armed irregular warfare, raids, hit and run tactics.refugees: some one who flees to another country seeking refuge.embargo: a limit on trade, currently the U.S. has an embargo Cuba.
plantains: starchy bananas used for cooking.commonwealth: self governing territory associated with another country.
Greater Antilles: Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico.
Lesser Antilles: Virgin Islands, to Trinidad and Tobago
The Bahamas: nearly 700 islands, and thousands of reefs.
Cocos Plate and Caribbean Plate: colliding plates of the Caribbean
Indian Labor: brought in by the British to labor in the plantations.
UPCA: United Provinces of Central America.
Catholicism: the predominant religion of Central America.
Protestants: a large minority in Central America
cooperatives: organization whose members work together for common good, Cuba has cooperative farms.
1838-1839: UPCA forms separate nations.1800's: British leave Nicaragua
1903: Panama gains independence from United States.1979: Sandinistas overthrow a dictator in Nicaragua
1981: British Honduras becomes independent, modern Belize.1980's: El Salvador’s Civil War.1992: end of El Salvador’s Civil War1990: end of Nicaraguan Civil War
Isthmus: a neck of land connecting two larger areas.Archipelago: large group of islandscloud forest: high elevation wet tropical, low clouds are common.hurricane season: between June and November.volcanic ash: natural fertilizer of the Caribbean. mestizo: people of mixed Indian and European heritage.
cacao: a tree with cocoa beans. dictator: a ruler that rules with absolute authority. civil war: a conflict between two or more groups within a nation. ecotourism: using natural beauty to appeal to the tourism industry.
Creole: a language dialect of French Haitians.
Santeria: African religions mixed with Catholicismcalypso: music of Trinidad and Tobago, steeldrums.reggae: Jamaican music, mixture of ska and rocksteady.meringue: national dance and music of the Dominican Republicguerilla: armed irregular warfare, raids, hit and run tactics.refugees: some one who flees to another country seeking refuge.embargo: a limit on trade, currently the U.S. has an embargo Cuba.
plantains: starchy bananas used for cooking.commonwealth: self governing territory associated with another country.
Greater Antilles: Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico.
Lesser Antilles: Virgin Islands, to Trinidad and Tobago
The Bahamas: nearly 700 islands, and thousands of reefs.
Cocos Plate and Caribbean Plate: colliding plates of the Caribbean
Indian Labor: brought in by the British to labor in the plantations.
UPCA: United Provinces of Central America.
Catholicism: the predominant religion of Central America.
Protestants: a large minority in Central America
cooperatives: organization whose members work together for common good, Cuba has cooperative farms.
8th Grade, chapter 22 terms
22.1 (24)
Second Industrial Revolution
Henry Bessemer
Bessemer process
George Westinghouse
George Pullman
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Dr. Benjamin Silliman Jr.
Nikolaus A. Otto
Orville and Wilbur Wright
Thomas Alva Edison
Patents
Alexander Graham Bell
Free enterprise
Entrepreneurs
Corporations
Andrew Carnegie
Vertical integration
John D. Rockefeller
Horizontal integration
Trust
Charles Darwin
Herbert Spencer
John Sherman
Sherman Antitrust Act
22.2 (16)
Specialization
Frederick W. Taylor
Collective bargaining
Knights of Labor
Terence V. Powderly
Mary Harris Jones
American Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompers
Haymarket Riot
Anarchists
Henry Frick
Homestead strike
Pinkerton agency
Pullman strike
Eugene V. Debs
Grover Cleveland
22.3 (14)
old immigrants
new immigrants
steerage
Ellis Island
benevolent societies
Nativism
Chinese Exclusion Act
Immigration Restriction League
Elisha Otis
Suburbs
Settlement houses
Hull House
Jane Addams
Ellen Gates Starr
22.4 (16)
Oliver Hudson Kelley
National Grange
Munn v Illinois
Wabash v Illinois
Interstate Commerce Act
Interstate Commerce Commission
Free coinage
Gold standard
William Jennings Bryan
Bland-Ellison Act
Benjamin Harrison
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
Farmer’s Alliances
Populist Party
James B. Weaver
William McKinley
Second Industrial Revolution
Henry Bessemer
Bessemer process
George Westinghouse
George Pullman
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Dr. Benjamin Silliman Jr.
Nikolaus A. Otto
Orville and Wilbur Wright
Thomas Alva Edison
Patents
Alexander Graham Bell
Free enterprise
Entrepreneurs
Corporations
Andrew Carnegie
Vertical integration
John D. Rockefeller
Horizontal integration
Trust
Charles Darwin
Herbert Spencer
John Sherman
Sherman Antitrust Act
22.2 (16)
Specialization
Frederick W. Taylor
Collective bargaining
Knights of Labor
Terence V. Powderly
Mary Harris Jones
American Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompers
Haymarket Riot
Anarchists
Henry Frick
Homestead strike
Pinkerton agency
Pullman strike
Eugene V. Debs
Grover Cleveland
22.3 (14)
old immigrants
new immigrants
steerage
Ellis Island
benevolent societies
Nativism
Chinese Exclusion Act
Immigration Restriction League
Elisha Otis
Suburbs
Settlement houses
Hull House
Jane Addams
Ellen Gates Starr
22.4 (16)
Oliver Hudson Kelley
National Grange
Munn v Illinois
Wabash v Illinois
Interstate Commerce Act
Interstate Commerce Commission
Free coinage
Gold standard
William Jennings Bryan
Bland-Ellison Act
Benjamin Harrison
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
Farmer’s Alliances
Populist Party
James B. Weaver
William McKinley
Thursday, March 12, 2009
7th Grade 14.3 - 14.5 defined
14.3 (16)
indulgences: a lessening of the time a soul would spend in purgatory.
Martin Luther: a German monk, professor, 1517 triggered a protest against church abuses. Led to a full scale revolt, founding of Lutheran faith.
95 Theses: Martin Luther’s arguments for reform of the Catholic Church, specifically the selling of indulgences.
Johann Tetzel: a priest that set up a pulpit in Wittenberg offering indulgences to people who donated money to St. Peter’s Cathedral.
recant: to give up a doctrine, to deny or change a statement of belief, Luther was asked to recant his 95 Theses.
Diet of Worms: Charles V summoned the German princes to make a decision about Luther.
Lutheranism: Luther’s teachings, rejected corruption, focused on individual salvation.
German Bible: Luther turned the printing press to produce a German Vernacular Bible.
Peasant's Revolt: 1524, spread throughout Germany, an end to serfdom. Luther denounced it, the nobles crushed it.
Peace of Augsburg: Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V tried to force Luther and Princes back in to the Catholic, in 1555 each Prince was allowed to decide which religion would be followed in their land. Northern states chose Lutheranism, South remained Catholic.
John Calvin: founder of Calvinism, based on the belief of predestination, Protestant group.
Ulrich Zwingli: a priest and admirer of Erasmus, rejected elaborate rituals and stressed the importance of the Bible.
predestination: the belief that God had determined long ago who would and would not gain salvation.
theocracy: government run by Church leaders, Calvin set one up in Geneva.Huguenots: French Protestant group that had numerous conflicts with Catholic France.
14.4 (30)
Anabaptists: believed in adult baptism, most were moderate and sought social change.
Munster Uprising: Anabaptists try to bring about the end of the world in Munster,
Protestants and Catholics unite to put down the riot.
modern Anabaptists: Baptists, Quakers, Mennonites, and The Amish.
King Henry VIII: had problems with his wives, set up the Church in England, separate from the Catholic Church, was once a great defender of the faith.
Catherine of Aragon: King Henry VIII’s first wife, gave him a daughter, from Spain.
annulment: the Catholic Church states that the marriage never was and that it was illegitimate. Henry VIII wanted one for his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
Anne Boleyn: King Henry VIII’s second wife of six, wanted to leave Catherine of Aragon for a new, better looking woman, in the hopes that she would yield him a son.
Charles V: Catherine of Aragon’s nephew, the pope did not want to upset him by annulling Henry VIII’s marriage.
Act of Supremacy: 1534, King Henry VIII, supreme head of the church in England. All monarchs in England rule the Church.
Sir Thomas More: great English Humanist, canonized as a saint, refused to recognize the Act of Supremacy.
canonized: recognized as a saint, canonically within the Catholic Church.
Queen Elizabeth I: English Queen, made a number of reforms, reinstituted the Act of Supremacy.
Edward VI: inherited the thrown from Henry VIII, at the age of 10 in 1547, under him Parliament made more Protestant reforms, he would die in his teens, Mary Tudor would take the thrown after him.
Anglican Church: Queen Elizabeth reaffirms that the English Monarch is the head of the Church in England, creating the Anglican Church.
compromise: Queen Elizabeth found an acceptable middle ground between Catholic and Protestant faiths in England.
Book of Common Prayer: Christian doctrine of text that maintains Catholic practices with a Protestant view.
Catholic Reformation swept across Northern Europe, an attempt to salvage the Catholic Church in lieu of the Protestant Reformation.
Pope Paul III: the leader of the Catholic Reformation, 1530’s and 1540’s tried to reform the Church and fight off the Protestant tide.
Council of Trent: called for in 1545 to established to the direction of reforms, reaffirmed traditional Catholic views.
Inquisition: the Church Court set up in the middle ages to find and fight heresy.
Ignatius of Loyola: founded The Society of Jesus, determined to combat heresy and spread the Catholic faith.
Jesuits: recognized by the Pope in 1540, Society of Jesus, started by Ignatius of Loyola.
Teresa of Avila: born into a wealthy Spanish family, joined a convent in her youth, believed it was not strict enough. They lived in isolation, fasted, and poverty, was asked to reform other monastic groups, canonized as a saint.
Catholics vs Protestants vs Anabaptists: everyone persecuted each other, Protestants killed priests, and trashed churches, Catholic did the same, both hated Anabaptists.
Witch Hunts: 1450-1750, mostly women accused, social outcastes used as scapegoats for problems. Most were found in areas of social conflict, such as Germany and France.
scapegoats: people blamed for problems, regardless of true guilt.
Conversos (Jews): Jews who converted to Christianity, those how did not were more restricted, those who did were watched closely.
ghetto: Jews were confined in a separate corner of the city, started in Venice.
yellow badges: Jews were required to wear these any time they left the ghettoes.
Jewish migrations: in the 1550’s Pope Paul IV, and Charles V banned them from Spanish colonies in America. So they went to Poland, Netherlands and the Ottoman Empire.
14.5 (24)
Ptolemy: ancient Greek astronomer that taught the earth was the center of the universe.
N. Copernicus: 1543, Polish astronomer, published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, developed a heliocentric concept.
heliocentric: sun centered system.
Tycho Brahe: 1500’s, supported Copernicus’ theory with more evidence, set up an observatory.
Johannes Kepler: Brahe’s assistant, German astronomer and mathematician, showed that planets revolve in an elliptical orbit.
Galilio Galilei: assembled a telescope, proved Copernicus correct. Caused an uproar in the Catholic Church, threatened with death and was forced to retract his findings.
Inquisition: the court of the church, ordered Galileo denounce his theory.
hypothesis: a possible explanation to be tested be tested by scientific methods.
scientific laws: anything proved by scientific method.
scientific method: step by step process used to confirm scientific findings.
Rene Descartes: Frenchman who rejected Aristotle’s assumptions, challenged the nature of science and knowledge.
Francis Bacon: Englishman, rejected Aristotle’s assumptions, stressed experimentation and observation.
Discourse on Method: written by Descartes, discard traditional knowledge and search for proof, “I think therefore I am.”
Sir Isaac Newton: English scientist, developed theory of gravity, wrote Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy.
gravity: Isaac Newton’s single force that keeps planets in orbit around the sun and objects grounded.
Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy: Newton’s publish, explains gravity and other laws of physics in the universe, all movement can be measured and described mathematically.
calculus: Newtonian mathematics.
Robert Boyle: 1600’s, distinguished between chemical compounds and individual elements, nature of temperature, pressure on gases.
Galen: errant on the nature of human anatomy, medieval scholar.
Ambrose Pare: French physician, invented stitches, and an ointment to prevent infections.
Andreas Vaselius: 1543, published on the structure of the human body. First to provide accurate detail of human anatomy.
William Harvey: early 1600’s, studied the complete circulation of artery and veins, English scholar.
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek: Dutch inventor of the microscope, studied cells and microorganisms.
indulgences: a lessening of the time a soul would spend in purgatory.
Martin Luther: a German monk, professor, 1517 triggered a protest against church abuses. Led to a full scale revolt, founding of Lutheran faith.
95 Theses: Martin Luther’s arguments for reform of the Catholic Church, specifically the selling of indulgences.
Johann Tetzel: a priest that set up a pulpit in Wittenberg offering indulgences to people who donated money to St. Peter’s Cathedral.
recant: to give up a doctrine, to deny or change a statement of belief, Luther was asked to recant his 95 Theses.
Diet of Worms: Charles V summoned the German princes to make a decision about Luther.
Lutheranism: Luther’s teachings, rejected corruption, focused on individual salvation.
German Bible: Luther turned the printing press to produce a German Vernacular Bible.
Peasant's Revolt: 1524, spread throughout Germany, an end to serfdom. Luther denounced it, the nobles crushed it.
Peace of Augsburg: Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V tried to force Luther and Princes back in to the Catholic, in 1555 each Prince was allowed to decide which religion would be followed in their land. Northern states chose Lutheranism, South remained Catholic.
John Calvin: founder of Calvinism, based on the belief of predestination, Protestant group.
Ulrich Zwingli: a priest and admirer of Erasmus, rejected elaborate rituals and stressed the importance of the Bible.
predestination: the belief that God had determined long ago who would and would not gain salvation.
theocracy: government run by Church leaders, Calvin set one up in Geneva.Huguenots: French Protestant group that had numerous conflicts with Catholic France.
14.4 (30)
Anabaptists: believed in adult baptism, most were moderate and sought social change.
Munster Uprising: Anabaptists try to bring about the end of the world in Munster,
Protestants and Catholics unite to put down the riot.
modern Anabaptists: Baptists, Quakers, Mennonites, and The Amish.
King Henry VIII: had problems with his wives, set up the Church in England, separate from the Catholic Church, was once a great defender of the faith.
Catherine of Aragon: King Henry VIII’s first wife, gave him a daughter, from Spain.
annulment: the Catholic Church states that the marriage never was and that it was illegitimate. Henry VIII wanted one for his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
Anne Boleyn: King Henry VIII’s second wife of six, wanted to leave Catherine of Aragon for a new, better looking woman, in the hopes that she would yield him a son.
Charles V: Catherine of Aragon’s nephew, the pope did not want to upset him by annulling Henry VIII’s marriage.
Act of Supremacy: 1534, King Henry VIII, supreme head of the church in England. All monarchs in England rule the Church.
Sir Thomas More: great English Humanist, canonized as a saint, refused to recognize the Act of Supremacy.
canonized: recognized as a saint, canonically within the Catholic Church.
Queen Elizabeth I: English Queen, made a number of reforms, reinstituted the Act of Supremacy.
Edward VI: inherited the thrown from Henry VIII, at the age of 10 in 1547, under him Parliament made more Protestant reforms, he would die in his teens, Mary Tudor would take the thrown after him.
Anglican Church: Queen Elizabeth reaffirms that the English Monarch is the head of the Church in England, creating the Anglican Church.
compromise: Queen Elizabeth found an acceptable middle ground between Catholic and Protestant faiths in England.
Book of Common Prayer: Christian doctrine of text that maintains Catholic practices with a Protestant view.
Catholic Reformation swept across Northern Europe, an attempt to salvage the Catholic Church in lieu of the Protestant Reformation.
Pope Paul III: the leader of the Catholic Reformation, 1530’s and 1540’s tried to reform the Church and fight off the Protestant tide.
Council of Trent: called for in 1545 to established to the direction of reforms, reaffirmed traditional Catholic views.
Inquisition: the Church Court set up in the middle ages to find and fight heresy.
Ignatius of Loyola: founded The Society of Jesus, determined to combat heresy and spread the Catholic faith.
Jesuits: recognized by the Pope in 1540, Society of Jesus, started by Ignatius of Loyola.
Teresa of Avila: born into a wealthy Spanish family, joined a convent in her youth, believed it was not strict enough. They lived in isolation, fasted, and poverty, was asked to reform other monastic groups, canonized as a saint.
Catholics vs Protestants vs Anabaptists: everyone persecuted each other, Protestants killed priests, and trashed churches, Catholic did the same, both hated Anabaptists.
Witch Hunts: 1450-1750, mostly women accused, social outcastes used as scapegoats for problems. Most were found in areas of social conflict, such as Germany and France.
scapegoats: people blamed for problems, regardless of true guilt.
Conversos (Jews): Jews who converted to Christianity, those how did not were more restricted, those who did were watched closely.
ghetto: Jews were confined in a separate corner of the city, started in Venice.
yellow badges: Jews were required to wear these any time they left the ghettoes.
Jewish migrations: in the 1550’s Pope Paul IV, and Charles V banned them from Spanish colonies in America. So they went to Poland, Netherlands and the Ottoman Empire.
14.5 (24)
Ptolemy: ancient Greek astronomer that taught the earth was the center of the universe.
N. Copernicus: 1543, Polish astronomer, published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, developed a heliocentric concept.
heliocentric: sun centered system.
Tycho Brahe: 1500’s, supported Copernicus’ theory with more evidence, set up an observatory.
Johannes Kepler: Brahe’s assistant, German astronomer and mathematician, showed that planets revolve in an elliptical orbit.
Galilio Galilei: assembled a telescope, proved Copernicus correct. Caused an uproar in the Catholic Church, threatened with death and was forced to retract his findings.
Inquisition: the court of the church, ordered Galileo denounce his theory.
hypothesis: a possible explanation to be tested be tested by scientific methods.
scientific laws: anything proved by scientific method.
scientific method: step by step process used to confirm scientific findings.
Rene Descartes: Frenchman who rejected Aristotle’s assumptions, challenged the nature of science and knowledge.
Francis Bacon: Englishman, rejected Aristotle’s assumptions, stressed experimentation and observation.
Discourse on Method: written by Descartes, discard traditional knowledge and search for proof, “I think therefore I am.”
Sir Isaac Newton: English scientist, developed theory of gravity, wrote Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy.
gravity: Isaac Newton’s single force that keeps planets in orbit around the sun and objects grounded.
Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy: Newton’s publish, explains gravity and other laws of physics in the universe, all movement can be measured and described mathematically.
calculus: Newtonian mathematics.
Robert Boyle: 1600’s, distinguished between chemical compounds and individual elements, nature of temperature, pressure on gases.
Galen: errant on the nature of human anatomy, medieval scholar.
Ambrose Pare: French physician, invented stitches, and an ointment to prevent infections.
Andreas Vaselius: 1543, published on the structure of the human body. First to provide accurate detail of human anatomy.
William Harvey: early 1600’s, studied the complete circulation of artery and veins, English scholar.
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek: Dutch inventor of the microscope, studied cells and microorganisms.
8th Grade 21.2 to 21.4 terms defined
21.2
Comstock Load: large load of gold and silver, found in western Nevada, 500 million dollars of gold and silver. Found by Henry Comstock.
Bonanza: a large deposit of precious ore.
Mining dangers: unsafe equipment, little oxygen, little light, dust, explosions, and fire.
Boomtowns: communities that sprang up by mines.
Pony Express: messengers on horseback, used to deliver mail, out of business because of telegraph.
Transcontinental Railroad: railroad connected the Pacific Coast to the Atlantic Coast, the two railways met Promontory, UT
Pacific Railway Acts: the government gave loans and grants to railroad companies to encourage construction.
The Great Race: the Union Pacific started at Omaha, Central Pacific started in Sacramento, met in the middle.
Leland Stanford: part owner of Central Pacific, hired Chinese to work because they would work for less.
Railroad Effects: increase population and economic boom in the west, better transportation.
21.3
Texas Longhorn: a lean and tough mix of English and Spanish breeds, survived on very little water, sold to turn a profit, Texas to be sold in Kansas.
Cattle Drive: long journeys herding cattle to market or grazing lands.
Joseph McCoy: businessman who established the cattle market.
Kansas-Pacific Railroad: shipped cattle from Abilene, KS to the North.
Cattle Kingdom: built ranches that stretched from Texas to Canada.
Open Range: public land that ranchers let their cattle graze.
Elizabeth Collins: her and her husband discontinued mining, moved to Montana to be cattle ranchers. She was successful, the Cattle Queen of Montana.
Charles Goodnight: started the first cattle ranch in Texas.
Range Rights: water rights to ponds and rivers, gave ranchers water for their livestock.
vaqueros: ranch hands who cared for cattle and horses, traditionally Mexican.
Nat Love: African American, autobiography about being a cowboy.
Round Up: a gathering of cattle, traditionally in the springtime.
Chisholm Trail: from San Antonio, TX to Abilene, KS, established by Jesse Chisholm for cattle drives.
Range Wars: competition for more land and water between cattle ranchers.
21.4
Sod Busters: nickname for farmers on the plains, had to break the sod with plows.
Dry Farming: the idea of using plants that don’t need as much water to thrive in the plains, such as wheat.
Homestead Act: gave government owned land to small farmers, white males could get 160 acres for a small registration fee.
Morrill Act: Congress gave land to the western states, encouraging them to built colleges, created land grant universities.
Exodusters: large group of southern African Americans who moved West, called this because of Exodus.
Cyrus McCormick: made a fortune designing, building, and selling farming equipment, specifically the reaper.
Comstock Load: large load of gold and silver, found in western Nevada, 500 million dollars of gold and silver. Found by Henry Comstock.
Bonanza: a large deposit of precious ore.
Mining dangers: unsafe equipment, little oxygen, little light, dust, explosions, and fire.
Boomtowns: communities that sprang up by mines.
Pony Express: messengers on horseback, used to deliver mail, out of business because of telegraph.
Transcontinental Railroad: railroad connected the Pacific Coast to the Atlantic Coast, the two railways met Promontory, UT
Pacific Railway Acts: the government gave loans and grants to railroad companies to encourage construction.
The Great Race: the Union Pacific started at Omaha, Central Pacific started in Sacramento, met in the middle.
Leland Stanford: part owner of Central Pacific, hired Chinese to work because they would work for less.
Railroad Effects: increase population and economic boom in the west, better transportation.
21.3
Texas Longhorn: a lean and tough mix of English and Spanish breeds, survived on very little water, sold to turn a profit, Texas to be sold in Kansas.
Cattle Drive: long journeys herding cattle to market or grazing lands.
Joseph McCoy: businessman who established the cattle market.
Kansas-Pacific Railroad: shipped cattle from Abilene, KS to the North.
Cattle Kingdom: built ranches that stretched from Texas to Canada.
Open Range: public land that ranchers let their cattle graze.
Elizabeth Collins: her and her husband discontinued mining, moved to Montana to be cattle ranchers. She was successful, the Cattle Queen of Montana.
Charles Goodnight: started the first cattle ranch in Texas.
Range Rights: water rights to ponds and rivers, gave ranchers water for their livestock.
vaqueros: ranch hands who cared for cattle and horses, traditionally Mexican.
Nat Love: African American, autobiography about being a cowboy.
Round Up: a gathering of cattle, traditionally in the springtime.
Chisholm Trail: from San Antonio, TX to Abilene, KS, established by Jesse Chisholm for cattle drives.
Range Wars: competition for more land and water between cattle ranchers.
21.4
Sod Busters: nickname for farmers on the plains, had to break the sod with plows.
Dry Farming: the idea of using plants that don’t need as much water to thrive in the plains, such as wheat.
Homestead Act: gave government owned land to small farmers, white males could get 160 acres for a small registration fee.
Morrill Act: Congress gave land to the western states, encouraging them to built colleges, created land grant universities.
Exodusters: large group of southern African Americans who moved West, called this because of Exodus.
Cyrus McCormick: made a fortune designing, building, and selling farming equipment, specifically the reaper.
Wednesday, March 11, 2009
6th Grade 9.3 Terms
Caribbean Plantation Crops
Creole
Santeria
calypso
reggae
merengue
guerilla
refugees
embargo
cooperatives
plantains
commonwealth
Creole
Santeria
calypso
reggae
merengue
guerilla
refugees
embargo
cooperatives
plantains
commonwealth
7th grade Chapter 14.1 and 14.2 Defined
14.1 (27)
Renaissance: began in Italy, means rebirth in French, began in the 1300’s, peaked in the 1500’s. Arts, science, and math all flourish.
Florence: Italy, ruled by the Medici family, one of the centers of the Renaissance, source of inspirations and funding.
Medici Family: Florentine family of banking, thrived, expanded to wool, mining and other business investments. Bought their way in to politics and places of religious importance.
Cosimo de'Medici: gained control of the Florentine government in 1434, uncrowned rulers of the city.
Lorenzo de'Medici: Cosimo’s grandson, Lorenzo the Magnificent, represented the Renaissance ideal, held Florence together in the 1400’s.
patron: financial supporter, in the Renaissance primarily focused on the arts.
antiquity: the study of Greek and Roman classics.
monk scholars: preserved the classical heritage, catalogued and maintained earthly knowledge.
Christopher Columbus: Italian navigator, sailed to the Americas in 1492, thought he was in Indian.
Nicolas Copernicus: Polish scientist, heliocentric theory.
humanism/humanists: intellectual movement that founded the Renaissance, focused on the value of the individual.
humanities: the subject of study in classical education.
Francesco Petrarch: Florentine, 1300’s, early Renaissance Humanist, found and assembled manuscripts, wrote literature of his own, wrote Sonnets to Laura. Invented the Sonnet.
Donatello: sculptor, first life size figure since ancient times.
perspective: making distant objects smaller, visually realistic.
Leonardo DaVinci: born in 1452, one of the three Renaissance geniuses, jack of all trades, created the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper.
-Mona Lisa: most popular painting of DaVinci, woman with a mysterious smile.
-Last Supper: shows Christ and his disciples at the Last Supper, DaVinci.
-inventions: DaVinci sketched planes, helicopters and all manner of inventions that no materials existed to create.
Michaelangelo: 1 of 3 Renaissance geniuses, La Pieta, dome of St. Peter’s Cathedral. Master of sculpting, painting and architecture.
-La Pieta: the sorrow of Mary as she cradles dead Christ, Michaelangelo.
-David: Michaelangelo, statue of David, the Biblical Shepherd King, harmony of Greek and Christian traditions.
Raphael: youngest Renaissance genius, blend of Christianity and classics. Best known for he depictions of Mary, the Mother of Jesus.
-school: depicted the school of Athens, depicting himself.
Castiglione: author of courtly manners, skills, and virtues that court members should have.
Machiavelli: wrote, “The Prince”. A guide to rulers on how to gain and maintain power by any means necessary.
14.2 (11)
Desiderius Erasmus: Dutch priest and humanist, used his knowledge of classical languages to produce a Greek edition of the New Testament.
Vernacular: the everyday language, spoken by the people.
The Praise of Folly: Erasmus’ book, used humor to expose immoral behavior of his time.
Thomas More: wrote Utopia, described the ideal society, martyred, saint.
Utopia: written by Thomas More, describes a perfect society.
Francois Rabelais: monk, physician, scholar, wrote Gargantua and Pantagruel.
Gargantua and Pantagruel: offered opinions on religion and education, written by Rabelais.
William Shakespeare: English poet and playwright, 37 plays. Wrote comedies, histories and tragedies, more than 1,700 words invented in his plays.
Miguel de Cervantes: wrote Don Quixote.
Don Quixote: book written by Cervantes, mocks the romantic notion of medieval chivalry.
Johann Gutenberg: invented the printing press in 1456, printed the first complete version of the Bible.
Renaissance: began in Italy, means rebirth in French, began in the 1300’s, peaked in the 1500’s. Arts, science, and math all flourish.
Florence: Italy, ruled by the Medici family, one of the centers of the Renaissance, source of inspirations and funding.
Medici Family: Florentine family of banking, thrived, expanded to wool, mining and other business investments. Bought their way in to politics and places of religious importance.
Cosimo de'Medici: gained control of the Florentine government in 1434, uncrowned rulers of the city.
Lorenzo de'Medici: Cosimo’s grandson, Lorenzo the Magnificent, represented the Renaissance ideal, held Florence together in the 1400’s.
patron: financial supporter, in the Renaissance primarily focused on the arts.
antiquity: the study of Greek and Roman classics.
monk scholars: preserved the classical heritage, catalogued and maintained earthly knowledge.
Christopher Columbus: Italian navigator, sailed to the Americas in 1492, thought he was in Indian.
Nicolas Copernicus: Polish scientist, heliocentric theory.
humanism/humanists: intellectual movement that founded the Renaissance, focused on the value of the individual.
humanities: the subject of study in classical education.
Francesco Petrarch: Florentine, 1300’s, early Renaissance Humanist, found and assembled manuscripts, wrote literature of his own, wrote Sonnets to Laura. Invented the Sonnet.
Donatello: sculptor, first life size figure since ancient times.
perspective: making distant objects smaller, visually realistic.
Leonardo DaVinci: born in 1452, one of the three Renaissance geniuses, jack of all trades, created the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper.
-Mona Lisa: most popular painting of DaVinci, woman with a mysterious smile.
-Last Supper: shows Christ and his disciples at the Last Supper, DaVinci.
-inventions: DaVinci sketched planes, helicopters and all manner of inventions that no materials existed to create.
Michaelangelo: 1 of 3 Renaissance geniuses, La Pieta, dome of St. Peter’s Cathedral. Master of sculpting, painting and architecture.
-La Pieta: the sorrow of Mary as she cradles dead Christ, Michaelangelo.
-David: Michaelangelo, statue of David, the Biblical Shepherd King, harmony of Greek and Christian traditions.
Raphael: youngest Renaissance genius, blend of Christianity and classics. Best known for he depictions of Mary, the Mother of Jesus.
-school: depicted the school of Athens, depicting himself.
Castiglione: author of courtly manners, skills, and virtues that court members should have.
Machiavelli: wrote, “The Prince”. A guide to rulers on how to gain and maintain power by any means necessary.
14.2 (11)
Desiderius Erasmus: Dutch priest and humanist, used his knowledge of classical languages to produce a Greek edition of the New Testament.
Vernacular: the everyday language, spoken by the people.
The Praise of Folly: Erasmus’ book, used humor to expose immoral behavior of his time.
Thomas More: wrote Utopia, described the ideal society, martyred, saint.
Utopia: written by Thomas More, describes a perfect society.
Francois Rabelais: monk, physician, scholar, wrote Gargantua and Pantagruel.
Gargantua and Pantagruel: offered opinions on religion and education, written by Rabelais.
William Shakespeare: English poet and playwright, 37 plays. Wrote comedies, histories and tragedies, more than 1,700 words invented in his plays.
Miguel de Cervantes: wrote Don Quixote.
Don Quixote: book written by Cervantes, mocks the romantic notion of medieval chivalry.
Johann Gutenberg: invented the printing press in 1456, printed the first complete version of the Bible.
7th Grade 14.5 Terms
Ptolemy
N. Copernicus
heliocentric
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
Tycho Brahe
Johannes Kepler
Galilio Galilei
Inquisition
hypothesis
scientific laws
scientific method
Rene Descartes
Francis Bacon
Discourse on Method
Sir Isaac Newton
gravity
Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
calculus
Robert Boyle
Galen
Ambrose Pare
Andreas Vaselius
William Harvey
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
N. Copernicus
heliocentric
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
Tycho Brahe
Johannes Kepler
Galilio Galilei
Inquisition
hypothesis
scientific laws
scientific method
Rene Descartes
Francis Bacon
Discourse on Method
Sir Isaac Newton
gravity
Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
calculus
Robert Boyle
Galen
Ambrose Pare
Andreas Vaselius
William Harvey
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
8th Grade 21.2 - 21.4 Terms
21.2
Comstock Load
Bonanza
Mining dangers
Boomtowns
Pony Express
Transcontinental Railroad
Pacific Railway Acts
The Great Race
Leland Stanford
Railroad Effects
21.2
Texas Longhorn
Cattle Drive
Joseph McCoy
Kansas-Pacific Railroad
Cattle Kingdom
Open Range
Elizabeth Collins
Charles Goodnight
Range Rights
vaqueros
Nat Love
Round Up
Chisolm Trail
Range Wars
21.4
Sod Busters
Dry Farming
Homestead Act
Morrill Act
Exodusters
Cyrus McCormick
Comstock Load
Bonanza
Mining dangers
Boomtowns
Pony Express
Transcontinental Railroad
Pacific Railway Acts
The Great Race
Leland Stanford
Railroad Effects
21.2
Texas Longhorn
Cattle Drive
Joseph McCoy
Kansas-Pacific Railroad
Cattle Kingdom
Open Range
Elizabeth Collins
Charles Goodnight
Range Rights
vaqueros
Nat Love
Round Up
Chisolm Trail
Range Wars
21.4
Sod Busters
Dry Farming
Homestead Act
Morrill Act
Exodusters
Cyrus McCormick
Tuesday, March 10, 2009
7th Grade 14.4 Terms as outlined in class
14.4 Terms
Anabaptists
Munster Uprising
modern Anabaptists
king Henry VIII
Catherine of Aragon
annulment
Anne Boleyn
Charles V
Act of Supremacy
Sir Thomas More
canonized
Elizabeth
Edward VI
Anglican Church
compromise
Book of Common Prayer
Catholic Reformation
Pope Paul III
Council of Trent
Inquisition
Ignatius of Loyola
Jesuits
Teresa of Avila
Catholics vs Protestants vs Anabaptists
Witch Hunts
scapegoats
Conversos (Jews)
ghetto
yellow badges
Jewish migrations
Anabaptists
Munster Uprising
modern Anabaptists
king Henry VIII
Catherine of Aragon
annulment
Anne Boleyn
Charles V
Act of Supremacy
Sir Thomas More
canonized
Elizabeth
Edward VI
Anglican Church
compromise
Book of Common Prayer
Catholic Reformation
Pope Paul III
Council of Trent
Inquisition
Ignatius of Loyola
Jesuits
Teresa of Avila
Catholics vs Protestants vs Anabaptists
Witch Hunts
scapegoats
Conversos (Jews)
ghetto
yellow badges
Jewish migrations
Monday, March 9, 2009
7th Grade 13.3 Terms
indulgences
Martin Luther
95 Theses
Johann Tetzel
recant
Diet of Worms
Lutheranism
German Bible
Peasant's Revolt
Peace of Augsburg
John Calvin
Ulrich Zwingli
predestination
Calvinism
theocracy
Huguenots
Martin Luther
95 Theses
Johann Tetzel
recant
Diet of Worms
Lutheranism
German Bible
Peasant's Revolt
Peace of Augsburg
John Calvin
Ulrich Zwingli
predestination
Calvinism
theocracy
Huguenots
8th grade terms defined, kind of jumbled.
Reconstruction Matching: (10)
John Wilkes Booth: assassinated Abe Lincoln at the Ford TheatreAndrew Johnson: Lincoln’s vice president, took over after he was shot.Thaddeus Stevens: one of the leaders of the Radical Republicans, wanted economic and political justice for African Americans and poor white Southerners.
Hiram Revels: 1870, first African American in the SenateBlanche K. Bruce: Mississippi republican, U.S. Senator, African AmericanHenry W. Grady: Atlanta newspaper editor, wanted to use the South’s resources of cotton and cheap labor
Mark Twain: wrote stories about the South, most famous writer about the South.George Washington Cable: wrote about and African American community in New Orleans, protested racism in the South.Joel Chandler Harris: fictional plantation life, showed the white man taking care of blacksCharles W. Chesnutt: African American author, showed the greed and cruelty of slave holders
Native American Matching: (10)
Black Kettle: didn’t fight, refused to be moved, Sand Creek Massacre Crazy Horse: 1866 Chief, Sioux Chief, ambushed and killed 81 Calvary troopsWilliam Tecumseh Sherman: leader of the U.S. army in the West
George Armstrong Custer: command of the U.S. army 7th Cavalry, lost the Battle of Little Big Horn.Sitting Bull: Sioux leader, protested demands of U.S. government, fled to Canada after the Battle of Little Big Horn.
Wovoka: Paiute Indian, began the Ghost Dance, “The Prophet”
Kit Carson: former scout, led U.S. troops in raids on the Navajo.
Chief Joseph: Nez Perce leader, sent to the reservation in Idaho, chased down and sent to Oklahoma
Geronimo: U.S. was after him for leaving the reservation with a band of raiders.Sarah Winnemucca: one of the first American Indians to call for reforms of the Reservation System
Native American Geography Matching: (5)
Apache: TX OKComanche: TX OKCheyenne : central plainsPawnee: NESioux: Minnesota Montana
Summarize Each Amendment: (6)
13th Amendment: slavery is illegal, Dec 18th 1865
14th Amendment: all people born or naturalized are U.S. citizens, except for Indians, guaranteed equal protection under the law.
15th Amendment: African American men have the right to vote, 1870. Women can’t vote, and African American men can’t hold office.
Term Matching: (10)
Reconstruction: the reunited of the Nation, bringing the South back to the Union without slavery.
impeachment: to vote to bring charges against the president
carpetbaggers: Northerners who moved to the South during reconstructionscalawags: Southern Republicans that “betrayed” the South
redeemers: democrats who promised to gain control of the south.
Segregation: forced separation of whites and blacks in public places
sharecropping: land owners supply land, workers provide labor, new slavery
spirituals: songs based on Christian hymns, based on African music.
Reservations: federal lands set aside for American Indians.
Freedmen's Bureau: provide relief for all poor people in the South.
Date Matching: (5)
Civil Rights Act of 1866
General Amnesty Act of 1872Panic of 1873Civil Rights Act of 1875Compromise of 1877
Native American Matching P2: (5)
Treaty of Fort Laramie: miners and settlers could pass through Northern Plains Nation peacefully.Treaty of Medicine Lodge: most natives move to reservations, 1867.Battle of Little Big Horn: 1876, U.S. defeat at the hands of Sioux, last major victory, “Custer’s Last Stand”Massacre at Wounded Knee: U.S. troops put down a rebellion they believed would take place from the Ghost Dance.Dawes General Allotment Act: American Indians are forced to adopt the white way of living, private ownership of land. Stole 2/3rds of the native’s land.
True / False: CORRECT FALSE (24)10% Plan: to receive amnesty in the South, 10% percent of the population must swear an oath to return to the Union.Wade-Davis Bill: a state had to ban slavery, the majority of adult males had to swear loyalty, Lincoln refused to sign the bill in to law.Johnson's Reconstruction: set up the new Southern government, set up temporary governors, required oaths, new state officials from the South in Congress.Black Codes: laws that limited the freedoms of African AmericansRadical Republicans: wanted the South to change more before joining the Union, specifically in relationship to African Americans.Reconstruction Acts: divided the South in to 5 military districts1868 Election: Henry Seymour ran for the Democrats, Grant ran for the Republicans, Grant won.Ku Klux Klan: society of white opposed to civil rights, used violence to control poll tax: special tax paid in order to voteJim Crow Laws: laws that required segregation, aimed at blacksPlessy v Ferguson: established the separate but equal doctrine.mill diseases: cotton lung, asthma, potential loss of limb.
John Wilkes Booth: assassinated Abe Lincoln at the Ford TheatreAndrew Johnson: Lincoln’s vice president, took over after he was shot.Thaddeus Stevens: one of the leaders of the Radical Republicans, wanted economic and political justice for African Americans and poor white Southerners.
Hiram Revels: 1870, first African American in the SenateBlanche K. Bruce: Mississippi republican, U.S. Senator, African AmericanHenry W. Grady: Atlanta newspaper editor, wanted to use the South’s resources of cotton and cheap labor
Mark Twain: wrote stories about the South, most famous writer about the South.George Washington Cable: wrote about and African American community in New Orleans, protested racism in the South.Joel Chandler Harris: fictional plantation life, showed the white man taking care of blacksCharles W. Chesnutt: African American author, showed the greed and cruelty of slave holders
Native American Matching: (10)
Black Kettle: didn’t fight, refused to be moved, Sand Creek Massacre Crazy Horse: 1866 Chief, Sioux Chief, ambushed and killed 81 Calvary troopsWilliam Tecumseh Sherman: leader of the U.S. army in the West
George Armstrong Custer: command of the U.S. army 7th Cavalry, lost the Battle of Little Big Horn.Sitting Bull: Sioux leader, protested demands of U.S. government, fled to Canada after the Battle of Little Big Horn.
Wovoka: Paiute Indian, began the Ghost Dance, “The Prophet”
Kit Carson: former scout, led U.S. troops in raids on the Navajo.
Chief Joseph: Nez Perce leader, sent to the reservation in Idaho, chased down and sent to Oklahoma
Geronimo: U.S. was after him for leaving the reservation with a band of raiders.Sarah Winnemucca: one of the first American Indians to call for reforms of the Reservation System
Native American Geography Matching: (5)
Apache: TX OKComanche: TX OKCheyenne : central plainsPawnee: NESioux: Minnesota Montana
Summarize Each Amendment: (6)
13th Amendment: slavery is illegal, Dec 18th 1865
14th Amendment: all people born or naturalized are U.S. citizens, except for Indians, guaranteed equal protection under the law.
15th Amendment: African American men have the right to vote, 1870. Women can’t vote, and African American men can’t hold office.
Term Matching: (10)
Reconstruction: the reunited of the Nation, bringing the South back to the Union without slavery.
impeachment: to vote to bring charges against the president
carpetbaggers: Northerners who moved to the South during reconstructionscalawags: Southern Republicans that “betrayed” the South
redeemers: democrats who promised to gain control of the south.
Segregation: forced separation of whites and blacks in public places
sharecropping: land owners supply land, workers provide labor, new slavery
spirituals: songs based on Christian hymns, based on African music.
Reservations: federal lands set aside for American Indians.
Freedmen's Bureau: provide relief for all poor people in the South.
Date Matching: (5)
Civil Rights Act of 1866
General Amnesty Act of 1872Panic of 1873Civil Rights Act of 1875Compromise of 1877
Native American Matching P2: (5)
Treaty of Fort Laramie: miners and settlers could pass through Northern Plains Nation peacefully.Treaty of Medicine Lodge: most natives move to reservations, 1867.Battle of Little Big Horn: 1876, U.S. defeat at the hands of Sioux, last major victory, “Custer’s Last Stand”Massacre at Wounded Knee: U.S. troops put down a rebellion they believed would take place from the Ghost Dance.Dawes General Allotment Act: American Indians are forced to adopt the white way of living, private ownership of land. Stole 2/3rds of the native’s land.
True / False: CORRECT FALSE (24)10% Plan: to receive amnesty in the South, 10% percent of the population must swear an oath to return to the Union.Wade-Davis Bill: a state had to ban slavery, the majority of adult males had to swear loyalty, Lincoln refused to sign the bill in to law.Johnson's Reconstruction: set up the new Southern government, set up temporary governors, required oaths, new state officials from the South in Congress.Black Codes: laws that limited the freedoms of African AmericansRadical Republicans: wanted the South to change more before joining the Union, specifically in relationship to African Americans.Reconstruction Acts: divided the South in to 5 military districts1868 Election: Henry Seymour ran for the Democrats, Grant ran for the Republicans, Grant won.Ku Klux Klan: society of white opposed to civil rights, used violence to control poll tax: special tax paid in order to voteJim Crow Laws: laws that required segregation, aimed at blacksPlessy v Ferguson: established the separate but equal doctrine.mill diseases: cotton lung, asthma, potential loss of limb.
Thursday, March 5, 2009
6th Grade 9.1 and 9.2 terms
9.1
Isthmus
Archipelago
Greater Antilles
Lesser Antilles
The Bahamas
Cocos Plate and Caribbean Plate
Central American Climates
cloud forest
Caribbean Climates
hurricane season
volcanic ash
bauxite (Jamaica)
copper (Panama)
9.2
35 million...
Maya
1500's
1600's
Indian Labor
African Labor
1821
UPCA
1838-1839
1903
1800's
1981
mestizo
Spanish
Catholicism
Protestants
Traditional foods
cacao
Saints' Feast Days
dictator
elected government
Mayan language
civil war
1980's
1992
1990
Sandinistas
1979
ecotoursim
Panama Canal
(Maya Calendar)
Isthmus
Archipelago
Greater Antilles
Lesser Antilles
The Bahamas
Cocos Plate and Caribbean Plate
Central American Climates
cloud forest
Caribbean Climates
hurricane season
volcanic ash
bauxite (Jamaica)
copper (Panama)
9.2
35 million...
Maya
1500's
1600's
Indian Labor
African Labor
1821
UPCA
1838-1839
1903
1800's
1981
mestizo
Spanish
Catholicism
Protestants
Traditional foods
cacao
Saints' Feast Days
dictator
elected government
Mayan language
civil war
1980's
1992
1990
Sandinistas
1979
ecotoursim
Panama Canal
(Maya Calendar)
7th Grade Renaissance Terms 14.1
14.1
Renaissance
Florence
Medici Family
Cosimo de'Medici
Lorenzo de'Medici
patron
antiquity
monk scholars
Christopher Columbus
Nicolas Copernicus
humanism/humanists
humanities
Francesco Petrarch
Donatello
perspective
Leonardo DaVinci
-Mona Lisa
-Last Supper
-inventions
Michaelangelo
-La Pieta
-David
Raphael
-paintings
-school
Castiglione
Machiavelli
Renaissance
Florence
Medici Family
Cosimo de'Medici
Lorenzo de'Medici
patron
antiquity
monk scholars
Christopher Columbus
Nicolas Copernicus
humanism/humanists
humanities
Francesco Petrarch
Donatello
perspective
Leonardo DaVinci
-Mona Lisa
-Last Supper
-inventions
Michaelangelo
-La Pieta
-David
Raphael
-paintings
-school
Castiglione
Machiavelli
8th Grade 20.4 and 21.1
sharecropping
sharecropper-banker relationship
Henry W. Grady
mill diseases
Mark Twain
Mary Noailles Murfree
George Washington Cable
Joel Chandler Harris
Charles W. Chesnutt
spirituals
21.1
Apache
Comanche
Cheyenne
Arapaho
Pawnee
Sioux
Treaty of Fort Laramie
reservations
Black Kettle
Crazy Horse
William Tecumseh Sherman
Treaty of Medicine Lodge
Quanah Parker
George Armstrong Custer
Sitting Bull
Battle of Little Big Horn
Wovoka
Ghost Dance
Massacre at Wounded Knee
Kit Carson
Bosque Redondo
Chief Joseph
Nez Perce
Geronimo
Srah Winnemucca
Dawes General Allotment Act
sharecropper-banker relationship
Henry W. Grady
mill diseases
Mark Twain
Mary Noailles Murfree
George Washington Cable
Joel Chandler Harris
Charles W. Chesnutt
spirituals
21.1
Apache
Comanche
Cheyenne
Arapaho
Pawnee
Sioux
Treaty of Fort Laramie
reservations
Black Kettle
Crazy Horse
William Tecumseh Sherman
Treaty of Medicine Lodge
Quanah Parker
George Armstrong Custer
Sitting Bull
Battle of Little Big Horn
Wovoka
Ghost Dance
Massacre at Wounded Knee
Kit Carson
Bosque Redondo
Chief Joseph
Nez Perce
Geronimo
Srah Winnemucca
Dawes General Allotment Act
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