13.3
China-Korea geography: Korea is a peninsula that juts out from the Chinese mainland, separated by the Yellow River.
108 BC: Han Emperor invades Korea, sets up a military colony. Chinese culture and technology spreads to Korea during the Wudi, Han invasion.
Koguryo: Northern Kingdom part of the Paekche and Shilla, they separated into three.
Paekche: one of three separate Kingdoms, Southwest Kingdom.
Shilla: one of three separate Kingdoms, Southeast, united the Peninsula.
Mahayana Buddhism: took route among the rulers and nobles, monks took up the mission to spread Buddhism by studying in India and China, brought Chinese and Indian technologies and arts back to Korea.
Shilla Dynasty: 668 – 918 AD
Koryo Dynasty: 918 – 1392 AD, Buddhism reached its greatest influence, Kaesong capital.
Choson Dynasty: 1392 – 1910 AD.
Confucian Ideas: effected women’s rights, helped seal the relationship between China and Korea.
Koryo Buddhism: Korean scholars wrote histories and poems based on Buddhist Chinese principles.
Wood block printing: technology that spread from China to Korea, used to produce many Buddhists texts.
Celadon: porcelain with a blue-green glaze, Koreans learned porcelain from China, added the glaze.
Yi Song-gye: brilliant general, set up the Choson Dynasty in 1392.
Choson Dynasty: government based on Confucian principals, longest dynasty.
King Sejong: 1443, replaced the Chinese system of writing with Hangul. Korea’s most celebrated ruler.
Hangul: alphabet ordered made by Sejong, easier to read, increased literacy rate.
Japanese invasions: 1590’s Japan tried to invade China through Korea, failed.
13.4
archipelago: chain of islands, Japan is an archipelago 400 miles off of the Asian mainland.
terrain/climate: mild climate, rainy, most of the population lives in valleys.
sea relationship: provided protection, isolation, trade and food resource.
Ring of Fire: volcanic area, includes most Asian Islands, constantly causes earthquakes.
Tsunami: giant wave from seismic activity associated with the Ring of Fire.
Ainu: early inhabitants of Japan, pushed North to Hokaido.
Uji/clans: each Uji had its own god or goddess, Japan was divided into uji.
Yamato: AD 500, came to dominate Honshu, for the next 1000 years was the heartland of Japanse government, claimed direct descent from the Sun god, Japan’s only dynasty.
Amaterasu: sun goddess, Yamato Clan claims descent from her.
Shinto: not a major religion, worship of the forces of nature, a focus on natural things.
Korean Relations: Japanese and Korean languages were distantly relations, Korean artisans brought skills to Japan, Korean missionaries introduced Buddhism, Japanese upper class often claimed Korean relation.
Buddhist Missions: AD 500 Korean missionaries introduced Buddhism to Japan, brought over China culture, created an interest in China in Japan.
Prince Shotoku: of the Yamato Clan, decided to learn about China directly, sent young nobles to China in the early 600’s.
Heavenly Emperor: a title that Japanese rulers adopted from China.
Nara: built in 710, Capital, Chinese influence on architecture.
Confucian influence: ideas and ethics took route in Japan, emphasis on filial piety.
Selective borrowing: the demand for all things Chinese dies down, Japan adopts some, modifies others, ignores some Chinese ideas.
Kana: phonetic symbols, representing sounds, a revised system of Chinese writing for Japan.
Heian/Kyoto: 794-1185. Heian is the capital, changed to Kyoto. Fujiwara ruled from there.
Fujiwara: a wealthy court family, wielded real power and married their daughters into the thrown, ensuring their power.
Sei Shonagon: a lady in waiting to the emperess, wrote the Pillow Book, anecdotes and personal observations about court.
Lady Murasaki: the best known Heian writer, Se Shonagon’s rival, wrote the world’s first full length novel. The Tale of Genji.
13.5
shogun: supreme military commander, held true power, not the emperor
Minamoto Yoritomo: appointed shogun in 1192, began one of three military dynasties.
Kamakura Shogunate: first of three military dynasties that would rule for nearly 700 years, established by Yoritomo.
daimyo: great warrior lords, land was given to them by the shogunate in return for military service in times of need.
samurai: member of the warrior class in Japanese feudal society, name means those who serve, fighting aristocracy.
bushido: the way of the warrior, the samurai’s code. Honor above all else, trained to endure hardship and pain.
seppuku: ritual suicide that should be performed if you betrayed bushido. Better to die than to live in shame.
peasantry: far below the samurai, 75% of the population, the backbone of feudal society, largely agrarian, tended to the land, would serve as foot soldiers on occasion.
Kublai Khan: launched invasion 1274 from Korea, ships were destroyed, 1281, ships ruined again.
kamikaze: divine wind, Japanese credited Kublai’s losses to divine intervention.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi: a commoner by birth, brilliant general that took Japan under his control, failed to capture Korea and China.
Tokugawa Ieyasu: created a unified and ordered society, strict rule on people, lower classes were forbidden from wearing silk, women more restriction, opened the capital.
Edo: shogun’s capital, present day Tokyo, center of arts and theatre.
Tokugawa Feudalism: ended feudal warfare, imposed central government over feudal structure.
Tokugawa economics: shoguns tried to hold back social growth, agriculture grew, Edo bloomed, trade roads linked the island(s). A wealthy merchant class emerged, arranged marriages into samurai class to improve social status.
Zen Buddhism: focused on meditation, and devotion to duty. Contradicting traditions over life, and the nature of master and student. Enlightenment through meditation and every day tasks.
No: 1300’s feudal culture performs plays, presented Zen Buddhist themes.
kabuki: new form of drama, inspired by No plays, melodrama, women were banned, exaggerated movements to convey action.
Okuni: famous for Kabuki, famous for her performance in warrior roles, actress and temple dance.
Bunraku: puppet plays that were popular in middle class towns, narration and puppet acting.
Kenko: Zen Buddhist, wrote a collection of short essays about Zen values and observations on human nature.
Haiku: miniature poems of 3 lines, 17 syllables. Express a feeling, thought or idea.
