13.3
China-Korea geography: Korea is a peninsula that juts out from the Chinese mainland, separated by the Yellow River.
108 BC: Han Emperor invades Korea, sets up a military colony. Chinese culture and technology spreads to Korea during the Wudi, Han invasion.
Koguryo: Northern Kingdom part of the Paekche and Shilla, they separated into three.
Paekche: one of three separate Kingdoms, Southwest Kingdom.
Shilla: one of three separate Kingdoms, Southeast, united the Peninsula.
Mahayana Buddhism: took route among the rulers and nobles, monks took up the mission to spread Buddhism by studying in India and China, brought Chinese and Indian technologies and arts back to Korea.
Shilla Dynasty: 668 – 918 AD
Koryo Dynasty: 918 – 1392 AD, Buddhism reached its greatest influence, Kaesong capital.
Choson Dynasty: 1392 – 1910 AD.
Confucian Ideas: effected women’s rights, helped seal the relationship between China and Korea.
Koryo Buddhism: Korean scholars wrote histories and poems based on Buddhist Chinese principles.
Wood block printing: technology that spread from China to Korea, used to produce many Buddhists texts.
Celadon: porcelain with a blue-green glaze, Koreans learned porcelain from China, added the glaze.
Yi Song-gye: brilliant general, set up the Choson Dynasty in 1392.
Choson Dynasty: government based on Confucian principals, longest dynasty.
King Sejong: 1443, replaced the Chinese system of writing with Hangul. Korea’s most celebrated ruler.
Hangul: alphabet ordered made by Sejong, easier to read, increased literacy rate.
Japanese invasions: 1590’s Japan tried to invade China through Korea, failed.
13.4
archipelago: chain of islands, Japan is an archipelago 400 miles off of the Asian mainland.
terrain/climate: mild climate, rainy, most of the population lives in valleys.
sea relationship: provided protection, isolation, trade and food resource.
Ring of Fire: volcanic area, includes most Asian Islands, constantly causes earthquakes.
Tsunami: giant wave from seismic activity associated with the Ring of Fire.
Ainu: early inhabitants of Japan, pushed North to Hokaido.
Uji/clans: each Uji had its own god or goddess, Japan was divided into uji.
Yamato: AD 500, came to dominate Honshu, for the next 1000 years was the heartland of Japanse government, claimed direct descent from the Sun god, Japan’s only dynasty.
Amaterasu: sun goddess, Yamato Clan claims descent from her.
Shinto: not a major religion, worship of the forces of nature, a focus on natural things.
Korean Relations: Japanese and Korean languages were distantly relations, Korean artisans brought skills to Japan, Korean missionaries introduced Buddhism, Japanese upper class often claimed Korean relation.
Buddhist Missions: AD 500 Korean missionaries introduced Buddhism to Japan, brought over China culture, created an interest in China in Japan.
Prince Shotoku: of the Yamato Clan, decided to learn about China directly, sent young nobles to China in the early 600’s.
Heavenly Emperor: a title that Japanese rulers adopted from China.
Nara: built in 710, Capital, Chinese influence on architecture.
Confucian influence: ideas and ethics took route in Japan, emphasis on filial piety.
Selective borrowing: the demand for all things Chinese dies down, Japan adopts some, modifies others, ignores some Chinese ideas.
Kana: phonetic symbols, representing sounds, a revised system of Chinese writing for Japan.
Heian/Kyoto: 794-1185. Heian is the capital, changed to Kyoto. Fujiwara ruled from there.
Fujiwara: a wealthy court family, wielded real power and married their daughters into the thrown, ensuring their power.
Sei Shonagon: a lady in waiting to the emperess, wrote the Pillow Book, anecdotes and personal observations about court.
Lady Murasaki: the best known Heian writer, Se Shonagon’s rival, wrote the world’s first full length novel. The Tale of Genji.
13.5
shogun: supreme military commander, held true power, not the emperor
Minamoto Yoritomo: appointed shogun in 1192, began one of three military dynasties.
Kamakura Shogunate: first of three military dynasties that would rule for nearly 700 years, established by Yoritomo.
daimyo: great warrior lords, land was given to them by the shogunate in return for military service in times of need.
samurai: member of the warrior class in Japanese feudal society, name means those who serve, fighting aristocracy.
bushido: the way of the warrior, the samurai’s code. Honor above all else, trained to endure hardship and pain.
seppuku: ritual suicide that should be performed if you betrayed bushido. Better to die than to live in shame.
peasantry: far below the samurai, 75% of the population, the backbone of feudal society, largely agrarian, tended to the land, would serve as foot soldiers on occasion.
Kublai Khan: launched invasion 1274 from Korea, ships were destroyed, 1281, ships ruined again.
kamikaze: divine wind, Japanese credited Kublai’s losses to divine intervention.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi: a commoner by birth, brilliant general that took Japan under his control, failed to capture Korea and China.
Tokugawa Ieyasu: created a unified and ordered society, strict rule on people, lower classes were forbidden from wearing silk, women more restriction, opened the capital.
Edo: shogun’s capital, present day Tokyo, center of arts and theatre.
Tokugawa Feudalism: ended feudal warfare, imposed central government over feudal structure.
Tokugawa economics: shoguns tried to hold back social growth, agriculture grew, Edo bloomed, trade roads linked the island(s). A wealthy merchant class emerged, arranged marriages into samurai class to improve social status.
Zen Buddhism: focused on meditation, and devotion to duty. Contradicting traditions over life, and the nature of master and student. Enlightenment through meditation and every day tasks.
No: 1300’s feudal culture performs plays, presented Zen Buddhist themes.
kabuki: new form of drama, inspired by No plays, melodrama, women were banned, exaggerated movements to convey action.
Okuni: famous for Kabuki, famous for her performance in warrior roles, actress and temple dance.
Bunraku: puppet plays that were popular in middle class towns, narration and puppet acting.
Kenko: Zen Buddhist, wrote a collection of short essays about Zen values and observations on human nature.
Haiku: miniature poems of 3 lines, 17 syllables. Express a feeling, thought or idea.
Friday, February 27, 2009
8th Grade 20.1, 20.2, and 20.3 terms
20.1
reconstruction
10% Plan
Wade-Davis Bill
13th Amendment
Freedmen's Bureau
John Wilkes Booth
Andrew Johnson
Johnson's Reconstruction
20.2
Black Codes
Radical Republicans
Thaddeus Stevens
impeachment
Civil Rights Act of 1866
14th Amendment
Reconstruction Acts
1868 Election
15th Amendment
20.3
carpetbaggers
scalawags
Hiram Revels
Blanche K. Bruce
Ku Klux Klan
General Amnesty Act of 1872
Panic of 1873
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Compromise of 1877
Redeemers
poll tax
segregation
Jim Crow Laws
Plessy v Ferguson
reconstruction
10% Plan
Wade-Davis Bill
13th Amendment
Freedmen's Bureau
John Wilkes Booth
Andrew Johnson
Johnson's Reconstruction
20.2
Black Codes
Radical Republicans
Thaddeus Stevens
impeachment
Civil Rights Act of 1866
14th Amendment
Reconstruction Acts
1868 Election
15th Amendment
20.3
carpetbaggers
scalawags
Hiram Revels
Blanche K. Bruce
Ku Klux Klan
General Amnesty Act of 1872
Panic of 1873
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Compromise of 1877
Redeemers
poll tax
segregation
Jim Crow Laws
Plessy v Ferguson
Wednesday, February 25, 2009
7th Grade 13.5
shogun
Minamoto Yoritomo
Kamakura Shogunate
daimyo
samurai
bushido
seppuku
peasantry
Kublai Khan
kamikaze
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Edo
Tokugawa Feudalism
Tokugawa economics
Zen Buddhism
No
kabuki
Okuni
Bunraku
Kenko
Haiku
Minamoto Yoritomo
Kamakura Shogunate
daimyo
samurai
bushido
seppuku
peasantry
Kublai Khan
kamikaze
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Edo
Tokugawa Feudalism
Tokugawa economics
Zen Buddhism
No
kabuki
Okuni
Bunraku
Kenko
Haiku
Tuesday, February 24, 2009
8th Grade Mercy.
Wilmot Proviso: failed proposal to outlaw slavery in the territory added to the United States by the Mexican Cession.
Sectionalism: a devotion to the interests of one geographic region rather than those of the country as a whole.
Popular sovereignty: political authority belongs to the people, territories allowed to choose slavery.
Free-soil party: formed in 1848, anti-slavery northerners who left the Whig and Democratic Parties.
Compromise of 1850: Henry Clay’s compromise, California enters free, Mexican Cession is divided, slave trade ends in Washington, new Fugitive Slave Act, and settled border dispute between New Mexico and Texas.
Fugitive Slave Act: 1850, crime to help runaway slaves, allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin: antislavery novel, showed violent reality of slavery.
Kansas-Nebraska Act: 1854, allowed voters in KS and NE territories to choose whether to allow slavery
Pottawatomie Massacre: 1856, John Brown murdered pro-slavery Kansans with 7 other men.
Republican Party: formed in the 1850’s to stop the spread of slavery in the West
Dred Scott (Decision): U.S. Supreme Court Ruling that declared African Americans were not U.S. citizens, the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional, Congress has no right to ban slavery.
Lincoln-Douglas Debates: 7 debates for the Illinois Senate seat, 1858.
Freeport Doctrine: Douglas argued that popular sovereignty would decide slavery.
Constitutional Union Party: 1860, northerners and southerners in support of the constitution and the Union.
Secession: the act of formally withdrawing from an organization, such as a country
Confederate States of America: nation formed by the Southern states on February 4th, 1861.
Fort Sumter: federal outpost in Charleston, SC, attacked by the confederates 1861, sparking the Civil War
Border states: Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri, slave states that did not join the Confederacy during the Civil War.
Cotton diplomacy: Confederacy’s attempt to use cotton’s control on the British textile industry to persuade them to support the Confederacy.
First Battle of Bull Run: 1861, first major battle of the civil war, confederate victory, showed that the Civil War would be much more demanding than previously thought.
Seven Days’ Battle: series of battles, confederate army forced the Union army to retreat from near Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital.
Battle of Antietam: Union victory, bloodiest single day in U.S. history.
Ironclad: heavily armored with iron ships.
Battle of Shiloh: battle in Tennessee, Union gains greater control over the Mississippi River Valley
Siege of Vicksburg: the Union army’s six week blockade of Vicksburg that led to its surrender.
Battle of Pea Ridge: Confederate forces from Missouri with native allies defeated in Arkansas.
Emancipation Proclamation: freed the slaves in areas rebelling against the Union, effective January 1, 1863.
Contrabands: escaped or captured slaves taken in by the Union army.
54th Massachusetts Infantry: African American Civil War regiment that played a key role in the attack on Fort Wagner in SC.
Copperheads: Northern Democrats who opposed abolition and sympathized with the South during the Civil War.
Habeus corpus: protection against unlawful imprisonment.
Battle of Gettysburg: Union Civil War victory that turned the tide against the Confederates at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania; resulted in the death of 50,000.
Pickett’s Charge: failed Confederate charge, led by George Pickett, at Gettysburg.
Gettysburg Address: Abraham Lincoln’s speech praising the bravery of Union soldiers, and his renewed commitment to winning the Civil War.
Wilderness Campaign
Total war: an army destroys its opponent’s ability to fight by targeting civilian, economic and military targets.
Appomattox Courthouse: Robert E. Lee surrenders, ending the Civil War.
Harper’s Ferry: John Brown’s raid, tried to free slaves and start a revolt, stopped by Colonel Robert E. Lee and hanged.
1860 Election: Lincoln wins, he receives none of the Southern electoral votes, secession seems eminent.
Union advantages: larger population, better infrastructure, more money.
Confederate advantages: long tradition of military, superior generals, purely defensive.
Henry Clay: the great compromiser, proposed the Compromise of 1850, and the Great Compromise.
William Seward: pressed CA as a free state
John C. Calhoun: Southerner, CA should not be a free state as it would upset the balance in the Senate.
Daniel Webster: supported Henry Clay’s plan, but opposed slavery, recognized the Union as more important than regional differences.
Harriet Beecher Stowe: author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, relative of Lyman Beecher
Franklin Pierce: from New Hampshire, democratic candidate, supported the Compromise of 1850, South recognized as their candidate. President from 1853-1857.
Millard Fillmore: neglected as a candidate for the Presidency, even though he had served after Taylor’s death.
Stephen Douglas: pushed for a railroad from Chicago to the Pacific, pushed for Kansas-Nebraska Act, defeated Lincoln for the Illinois Senate seat, established Freeport Doctrine.
Charles Sumner: Northern Senator, criticized pro-slavery efforts in Kansas, insulted Andrew Pickens Butler, was beat near to death by Preston Brooks, with a cane, in the Senate.
Andrews Pickens Butler: insulted in a speech called, “The Crime Against Kansas” by Sumner.
Preston Brooks: beat Sumner near to death with a cane, known as “Bully Brooks” and was mailed a great many souvenir canes from his supporters in the South.
James Buchanan: democratic candidate of 1856, Polk’s Secretary of State, won the 1856 election.
John C. Fremont: republic candidate of 1856, opposed slavery, Northern support.
Roger B. Taney: Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, 1856 during the Dred Scott Case. Wrote the majority opinion stating that blacks had no rights that whites had to respect.
Abraham Lincoln: 16th President, Civil War started, main issue was slavery, hired U.S. Grant as Union general.
John Brown: responsible for the Pottawatomie Massacre, and the failed raid on Harper’s Ferry, radical abolitionist.
George C. Meade: used the North’s numerical advantage in the Battle of Gettysburg.
William Tecumseh Sherman: sent by Lincoln to the South, destroys Atlanta, practitioner of total war.
Monitor v Virginia: battle between the ironclads, stalemate, Virginia fought for the South.
Naval blockade: the Union maintained a blockade of Southern ports, choking off the supply of cotton and weapons.
Jefferson Davis: the President of the Confederate States of America.
Winfield Scott: developed the Union’s 2 part strategy, cut off the Mississippi, and create a naval port blockade.
Tom “Stonewall” Jackson: held the Confederate line against the Union forces, part of the Confederate victory at the First Battle of Bull Run.
George B. McClellan: Lincoln’s Union general, cowardly, never pushed for victory and prolonged the war.
Robert E. Lee: brilliant general of the South, disagreed with slavery, supported his regional loyalties.
Ulysses S. Grant: “He fights.” McClellan’s replacement as Union general, used the North’s advantages to win the war.
David Farragut: Farragut captured New Orleans by passing the cannons to claim the city.
John C. Pemberton: held Vicksburg for the Confederacy, until General Grant surrounded and cut off Confederacy from aiding Vicksburg.
Sectionalism: a devotion to the interests of one geographic region rather than those of the country as a whole.
Popular sovereignty: political authority belongs to the people, territories allowed to choose slavery.
Free-soil party: formed in 1848, anti-slavery northerners who left the Whig and Democratic Parties.
Compromise of 1850: Henry Clay’s compromise, California enters free, Mexican Cession is divided, slave trade ends in Washington, new Fugitive Slave Act, and settled border dispute between New Mexico and Texas.
Fugitive Slave Act: 1850, crime to help runaway slaves, allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin: antislavery novel, showed violent reality of slavery.
Kansas-Nebraska Act: 1854, allowed voters in KS and NE territories to choose whether to allow slavery
Pottawatomie Massacre: 1856, John Brown murdered pro-slavery Kansans with 7 other men.
Republican Party: formed in the 1850’s to stop the spread of slavery in the West
Dred Scott (Decision): U.S. Supreme Court Ruling that declared African Americans were not U.S. citizens, the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional, Congress has no right to ban slavery.
Lincoln-Douglas Debates: 7 debates for the Illinois Senate seat, 1858.
Freeport Doctrine: Douglas argued that popular sovereignty would decide slavery.
Constitutional Union Party: 1860, northerners and southerners in support of the constitution and the Union.
Secession: the act of formally withdrawing from an organization, such as a country
Confederate States of America: nation formed by the Southern states on February 4th, 1861.
Fort Sumter: federal outpost in Charleston, SC, attacked by the confederates 1861, sparking the Civil War
Border states: Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri, slave states that did not join the Confederacy during the Civil War.
Cotton diplomacy: Confederacy’s attempt to use cotton’s control on the British textile industry to persuade them to support the Confederacy.
First Battle of Bull Run: 1861, first major battle of the civil war, confederate victory, showed that the Civil War would be much more demanding than previously thought.
Seven Days’ Battle: series of battles, confederate army forced the Union army to retreat from near Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital.
Battle of Antietam: Union victory, bloodiest single day in U.S. history.
Ironclad: heavily armored with iron ships.
Battle of Shiloh: battle in Tennessee, Union gains greater control over the Mississippi River Valley
Siege of Vicksburg: the Union army’s six week blockade of Vicksburg that led to its surrender.
Battle of Pea Ridge: Confederate forces from Missouri with native allies defeated in Arkansas.
Emancipation Proclamation: freed the slaves in areas rebelling against the Union, effective January 1, 1863.
Contrabands: escaped or captured slaves taken in by the Union army.
54th Massachusetts Infantry: African American Civil War regiment that played a key role in the attack on Fort Wagner in SC.
Copperheads: Northern Democrats who opposed abolition and sympathized with the South during the Civil War.
Habeus corpus: protection against unlawful imprisonment.
Battle of Gettysburg: Union Civil War victory that turned the tide against the Confederates at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania; resulted in the death of 50,000.
Pickett’s Charge: failed Confederate charge, led by George Pickett, at Gettysburg.
Gettysburg Address: Abraham Lincoln’s speech praising the bravery of Union soldiers, and his renewed commitment to winning the Civil War.
Wilderness Campaign
Total war: an army destroys its opponent’s ability to fight by targeting civilian, economic and military targets.
Appomattox Courthouse: Robert E. Lee surrenders, ending the Civil War.
Harper’s Ferry: John Brown’s raid, tried to free slaves and start a revolt, stopped by Colonel Robert E. Lee and hanged.
1860 Election: Lincoln wins, he receives none of the Southern electoral votes, secession seems eminent.
Union advantages: larger population, better infrastructure, more money.
Confederate advantages: long tradition of military, superior generals, purely defensive.
Henry Clay: the great compromiser, proposed the Compromise of 1850, and the Great Compromise.
William Seward: pressed CA as a free state
John C. Calhoun: Southerner, CA should not be a free state as it would upset the balance in the Senate.
Daniel Webster: supported Henry Clay’s plan, but opposed slavery, recognized the Union as more important than regional differences.
Harriet Beecher Stowe: author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, relative of Lyman Beecher
Franklin Pierce: from New Hampshire, democratic candidate, supported the Compromise of 1850, South recognized as their candidate. President from 1853-1857.
Millard Fillmore: neglected as a candidate for the Presidency, even though he had served after Taylor’s death.
Stephen Douglas: pushed for a railroad from Chicago to the Pacific, pushed for Kansas-Nebraska Act, defeated Lincoln for the Illinois Senate seat, established Freeport Doctrine.
Charles Sumner: Northern Senator, criticized pro-slavery efforts in Kansas, insulted Andrew Pickens Butler, was beat near to death by Preston Brooks, with a cane, in the Senate.
Andrews Pickens Butler: insulted in a speech called, “The Crime Against Kansas” by Sumner.
Preston Brooks: beat Sumner near to death with a cane, known as “Bully Brooks” and was mailed a great many souvenir canes from his supporters in the South.
James Buchanan: democratic candidate of 1856, Polk’s Secretary of State, won the 1856 election.
John C. Fremont: republic candidate of 1856, opposed slavery, Northern support.
Roger B. Taney: Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, 1856 during the Dred Scott Case. Wrote the majority opinion stating that blacks had no rights that whites had to respect.
Abraham Lincoln: 16th President, Civil War started, main issue was slavery, hired U.S. Grant as Union general.
John Brown: responsible for the Pottawatomie Massacre, and the failed raid on Harper’s Ferry, radical abolitionist.
George C. Meade: used the North’s numerical advantage in the Battle of Gettysburg.
William Tecumseh Sherman: sent by Lincoln to the South, destroys Atlanta, practitioner of total war.
Monitor v Virginia: battle between the ironclads, stalemate, Virginia fought for the South.
Naval blockade: the Union maintained a blockade of Southern ports, choking off the supply of cotton and weapons.
Jefferson Davis: the President of the Confederate States of America.
Winfield Scott: developed the Union’s 2 part strategy, cut off the Mississippi, and create a naval port blockade.
Tom “Stonewall” Jackson: held the Confederate line against the Union forces, part of the Confederate victory at the First Battle of Bull Run.
George B. McClellan: Lincoln’s Union general, cowardly, never pushed for victory and prolonged the war.
Robert E. Lee: brilliant general of the South, disagreed with slavery, supported his regional loyalties.
Ulysses S. Grant: “He fights.” McClellan’s replacement as Union general, used the North’s advantages to win the war.
David Farragut: Farragut captured New Orleans by passing the cannons to claim the city.
John C. Pemberton: held Vicksburg for the Confederacy, until General Grant surrounded and cut off Confederacy from aiding Vicksburg.
Friday, February 20, 2009
13.3 and 13.4
13.3
China-Korea geography
108 BC
Wudi, Han invasion
Koguryo
Paekche
Shilla
Mahayana Buddhism
Shilla Dynasty
Koryo Dynasty
Choson Dynasty
Confucian Ideas
Koryo Buddhism
Wood block printing
Celadon
Yi Song-gye
Choson Dynasty
King Sejong
Hangul
Korean literacy
Japanese invasions
13.4
archipelago
terrain/climate
sea relationship
Ring of Fire
Tsunami
Ainu
Uji/clans
Yamato
Amaterasu
Shinto
Korean Relations
Buddhist Missions
Prince Shotoku
Heavenly Emperor
Nara
Confucian influence
Selective borrowing
Kana
Heian/Kyoto
Fuiwara
Sei Shonagon
Lady Murasaki
China-Korea geography
108 BC
Wudi, Han invasion
Koguryo
Paekche
Shilla
Mahayana Buddhism
Shilla Dynasty
Koryo Dynasty
Choson Dynasty
Confucian Ideas
Koryo Buddhism
Wood block printing
Celadon
Yi Song-gye
Choson Dynasty
King Sejong
Hangul
Korean literacy
Japanese invasions
13.4
archipelago
terrain/climate
sea relationship
Ring of Fire
Tsunami
Ainu
Uji/clans
Yamato
Amaterasu
Shinto
Korean Relations
Buddhist Missions
Prince Shotoku
Heavenly Emperor
Nara
Confucian influence
Selective borrowing
Kana
Heian/Kyoto
Fuiwara
Sei Shonagon
Lady Murasaki
19.3, 19.4, 19.5
19.3
Ulysses S. Grant
Battle of Shiloh
David Farragut
John C. Pemberton
Siege of Vicksburg
Battle of Pea Ridge
19.4
Emancipation Proclamation
Contrabands
54th Massachusetts Infantry
Copperheads
Habeus corpus
Naval blockade
Clara Barton
19.5
Battle of Gettysburg
George C. Meade
Pickett’s Charge
Gettysburg Address
Wilderness Campaign
William Tecumseh Sherman
Total war
Appomattox Courthouse
Ulysses S. Grant
Battle of Shiloh
David Farragut
John C. Pemberton
Siege of Vicksburg
Battle of Pea Ridge
19.4
Emancipation Proclamation
Contrabands
54th Massachusetts Infantry
Copperheads
Habeus corpus
Naval blockade
Clara Barton
19.5
Battle of Gettysburg
George C. Meade
Pickett’s Charge
Gettysburg Address
Wilderness Campaign
William Tecumseh Sherman
Total war
Appomattox Courthouse
Wednesday, February 18, 2009
8th Grade 19.1 and 19.2 terms
19.1
Fort Sumter
Abraham Lincoln
Stephen Douglas
border states
Elizabeth Blackwell
Winfield Scott
Union advantages
Confederate advantages
cotton diplomacy
19.2
Irvin McDowell
Manassas Junction
Tom "Stonewall" Jackson
First Battle of Bull Run
George B. McClellan
Robert E. Lee
Seven Days' Battle
Battle of Antietam
ironclad
Monitor v Virginia
Fort Sumter
Abraham Lincoln
Stephen Douglas
border states
Elizabeth Blackwell
Winfield Scott
Union advantages
Confederate advantages
cotton diplomacy
19.2
Irvin McDowell
Manassas Junction
Tom "Stonewall" Jackson
First Battle of Bull Run
George B. McClellan
Robert E. Lee
Seven Days' Battle
Battle of Antietam
ironclad
Monitor v Virginia
Thursday, February 12, 2009
8th Grade Chapter 18 Terms
18.1
Wilmot Proviso
sectionalism
popular sovereignty
free-soil party
Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay
William Seward/John C. Calhoun
Daniel Webster
Fugitive Slave Act
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Uncle Tom's Cabin
18.2
Franklin Pierce
Millard Fillmore/Zachary Taylor
Stephen Douglas
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Bleeding Kansas
Pottawatomie Massacre
Charles Sumner
Andrew Pickens Butler
Preston Brooks
18.3
Republican Party
James Buchanan
John C. Fremont
Dred Scott (Decision)
Roger B. Taney
Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Freeport Doctrine
18.4
John Brown
Harper's Ferry
Colonel Robert E. Lee
1860 Election
John C. Breckinridge
Constitutional Union Party
John Bell
secession
John C. Crittenden
Confederate States of America
Jefferson Davis
Wilmot Proviso
sectionalism
popular sovereignty
free-soil party
Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay
William Seward/John C. Calhoun
Daniel Webster
Fugitive Slave Act
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Uncle Tom's Cabin
18.2
Franklin Pierce
Millard Fillmore/Zachary Taylor
Stephen Douglas
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Bleeding Kansas
Pottawatomie Massacre
Charles Sumner
Andrew Pickens Butler
Preston Brooks
18.3
Republican Party
James Buchanan
John C. Fremont
Dred Scott (Decision)
Roger B. Taney
Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Freeport Doctrine
18.4
John Brown
Harper's Ferry
Colonel Robert E. Lee
1860 Election
John C. Breckinridge
Constitutional Union Party
John Bell
secession
John C. Crittenden
Confederate States of America
Jefferson Davis
7th grade 13.2 terms
Genghiz Khan
Mongol Rule
Pax Mongolica
cannon warfare
Silk Road
windmills
1279
Song Dynasty
Kublai Khan
Yuan Dynasty
Marco Polo
Zhu Yuanzhang
Ming Dynasty
Board of Censors
Printing
Zheng He (expeditions)
1405-1433
End of the navy
Mongol Rule
Pax Mongolica
cannon warfare
Silk Road
windmills
1279
Song Dynasty
Kublai Khan
Yuan Dynasty
Marco Polo
Zhu Yuanzhang
Ming Dynasty
Board of Censors
Printing
Zheng He (expeditions)
1405-1433
End of the navy
Tuesday, February 10, 2009
7th Grade 13.1 Terms defined.
13.1Wu Zhao: the only woman to rule China in her own name, became empress in the 600’s, Tang Dynasty.
usurped: to illegally, or without justification claim power.
Han Dynasty: collapsed in 220 AD, 400 years of division would follow.
Sui Dynasty: brief dynasty, 589-618 AD, emperor Sui Wendi reunited North and South, failed to restore full glory.
Tang Dynasty: unified China, helped restore Han system of uniform government throughout China. Rebuild bureaucracy and expanded the civil service. Redistributed land, built canals. Fell to corruption, taxes, drought, famine, and rebellions. Collapsed 907 AD.
Li Yuan: first Tang Emperor, Sui dynasty general. Urged to lead a revolt by his son, Li Shimin. Crushed all rivals. Ruled for 8 years, compelled by his son to step down.
Li Shimin/Tang Taizong: succeeded his father, changed his name to Tang Taizong. Brilliant general, reformer, calligrapher, and most admired emperor.
tributary states: Chinese armies forced Vietnam, Tibet, and Korea to become tributary states. They remained independent, rulers acknowledged Chinese supremacy and sent regular payment to the Tang emperor.
land reform: Tang emperors broke up large agricultural holdings and redistributed land to peasants.
Song Dynasty: controlled less territory than Tang, united under a scholar. Came to power 960. Threatened by Mongol invasions, the empire remained South of the Huang He river. Despite military setbacks, the Song dominated the arts and culture of Asia.Chinese Court Structure: headed by the emperor, filled with aristocratic families, oversaw bureaucracy.
gentry: wealthy land-holding class, made up most of the scholar-officials in court as they could spend years studying for the civil-service exams. Often served as the emperors officials in other provinces. Peasant Life: threatened constantly by drought and famine, sold crafts to supplement their income. Remained mostly separate from the court, in self-sufficient villages, relying upon village elders to settle disputes. If local problem-solving failed only then was the emperor sought out. Could study and test for civil service exams.
merchant status: low class within Confucian thought as their riches came from the labor of others.
women as familial managers: managed family finances, and supervised servants.marriage roles: women were subordinate to men, when women married they left their family entirely.
footbinding: a practice that came from the noble class, enforces Confucian ideals of male/female relationships. Found its way into the lower classes, some peasants avoided it as it made women effectively unable to labor.
landscape painting: Song period championed this art, steeped in Daoist tradition.
pagoda: evolved from the Indian stupa, multistoried temple with eaves that curve up at the corners.
Buddha statues: often depicted as Chinese in appearance, leaving a world impression that Buddha was Chinese.
porcelain: shiny, hard pottery, coated in beautiful glazes, and used for art.
Li Bo: greatest Tang poet, a zestful lover of freedom, spent much of his life moving. Some 2000 poems written celebrating harmony with nature or lamenting the passage of time.
Du Fu: Li Bo’s friend, verses about the horrors of war, and condemned the lavishness of the court.
Li Qinzhao: woman poet, wrote about women left behind during war. Reflected a time when invasion threatened to bring the Tang Dynasty down.
usurped: to illegally, or without justification claim power.
Han Dynasty: collapsed in 220 AD, 400 years of division would follow.
Sui Dynasty: brief dynasty, 589-618 AD, emperor Sui Wendi reunited North and South, failed to restore full glory.
Tang Dynasty: unified China, helped restore Han system of uniform government throughout China. Rebuild bureaucracy and expanded the civil service. Redistributed land, built canals. Fell to corruption, taxes, drought, famine, and rebellions. Collapsed 907 AD.
Li Yuan: first Tang Emperor, Sui dynasty general. Urged to lead a revolt by his son, Li Shimin. Crushed all rivals. Ruled for 8 years, compelled by his son to step down.
Li Shimin/Tang Taizong: succeeded his father, changed his name to Tang Taizong. Brilliant general, reformer, calligrapher, and most admired emperor.
tributary states: Chinese armies forced Vietnam, Tibet, and Korea to become tributary states. They remained independent, rulers acknowledged Chinese supremacy and sent regular payment to the Tang emperor.
land reform: Tang emperors broke up large agricultural holdings and redistributed land to peasants.
Song Dynasty: controlled less territory than Tang, united under a scholar. Came to power 960. Threatened by Mongol invasions, the empire remained South of the Huang He river. Despite military setbacks, the Song dominated the arts and culture of Asia.Chinese Court Structure: headed by the emperor, filled with aristocratic families, oversaw bureaucracy.
gentry: wealthy land-holding class, made up most of the scholar-officials in court as they could spend years studying for the civil-service exams. Often served as the emperors officials in other provinces. Peasant Life: threatened constantly by drought and famine, sold crafts to supplement their income. Remained mostly separate from the court, in self-sufficient villages, relying upon village elders to settle disputes. If local problem-solving failed only then was the emperor sought out. Could study and test for civil service exams.
merchant status: low class within Confucian thought as their riches came from the labor of others.
women as familial managers: managed family finances, and supervised servants.marriage roles: women were subordinate to men, when women married they left their family entirely.
footbinding: a practice that came from the noble class, enforces Confucian ideals of male/female relationships. Found its way into the lower classes, some peasants avoided it as it made women effectively unable to labor.
landscape painting: Song period championed this art, steeped in Daoist tradition.
pagoda: evolved from the Indian stupa, multistoried temple with eaves that curve up at the corners.
Buddha statues: often depicted as Chinese in appearance, leaving a world impression that Buddha was Chinese.
porcelain: shiny, hard pottery, coated in beautiful glazes, and used for art.
Li Bo: greatest Tang poet, a zestful lover of freedom, spent much of his life moving. Some 2000 poems written celebrating harmony with nature or lamenting the passage of time.
Du Fu: Li Bo’s friend, verses about the horrors of war, and condemned the lavishness of the court.
Li Qinzhao: woman poet, wrote about women left behind during war. Reflected a time when invasion threatened to bring the Tang Dynasty down.
6th Grade 8.3 Terms
Partido Revolucianario Institutional
PRI 71 Years
Vicente Fox 2000
National Action Party
1911
1980's
NAFTA
12% of land grows crops
foreign companies in industry
31 states, 1 Federal District, forming 6 cultural regions
smog
1990's Chiapas
maguiladoras
slash and burn agriculture
PRI 71 Years
Vicente Fox 2000
National Action Party
1911
1980's
NAFTA
12% of land grows crops
foreign companies in industry
31 states, 1 Federal District, forming 6 cultural regions
smog
1990's Chiapas
maguiladoras
slash and burn agriculture
Monday, February 9, 2009
7th Grade 4.4 and 4.5 defined
Confucianism: Kong Fuzi, not his writings, but those of his students.
5 relationships: husband to wife, older to younger brother, friend to friend, father to son, ruler to subject.
Filial Piety: respect/love/trust for parent/provider
Legalism: the nature of man is evil, goodness is taught through fear.
Hanfeizi: created Legalism, practice of the Qin Dynasty
Daoism: means "The Way", harmony, change nothing. Government is unnatural, government that governs least governs best.
Laozi: created Daoism
Buddhism (Mahayana): imported to China from India. Offered escape and salvation unlike other Chinese philosophies. Some problems with monastic lifestyle seperating people from their families, not 100% integration.
4.5
Shi Huangdi: unite China, Qin Dynasty, spent twenty years conquering and unifying warring states. Centralized power, employed legalism. Ordered the building of the Great Wall.
Dissent and reaction: torture and death to those that opposed his rule.
The Great Wall: showed the might of the empire, some attempt at blocking a Mongol invasion
Han Dynasty: 206 BC - 220 AD, inspired trade with Silk Road, monopolized iron and salt for China, fought to expand empire. Broken into several smaller kingdoms
Liu Bang/ Gao Zu: claimed power based on the Mandate of Heaven, new dynasty. Lowered taxes, eased Legalist policies, and employed Confucian scholars
Wudi: 141 BC - 87 BC, set up imperial university at Xian, improved infrastructure, expanded the empire, monopolized salt and iron for the government. Most famous Han Emperor.
monopoly: complete control of a good or business by one person or group.
expansionism: the desire to expand, to take control of more land.
silk road: Wudi created, brought grapes, figs, cucumbers, and walnuts to China. Sent silk out into the rest of the world.
civil service: employed well-educated scholars to run the bureacratic government, Confucian ideal. Positions were given based on merit, not social rank.
warlords: local military leaders that toppled the Hand Dynasty and set up smaller kingdoms.
acupuncture: needle punctures to specific body points to relieve pain or treat illness.
Cai Lun: invented a method for making durable paper out of wood pulp.
Ban Zhao: wrote Lessons for a Woman, proper behavior for men and women 100 AD.
5 relationships: husband to wife, older to younger brother, friend to friend, father to son, ruler to subject.
Filial Piety: respect/love/trust for parent/provider
Legalism: the nature of man is evil, goodness is taught through fear.
Hanfeizi: created Legalism, practice of the Qin Dynasty
Daoism: means "The Way", harmony, change nothing. Government is unnatural, government that governs least governs best.
Laozi: created Daoism
Buddhism (Mahayana): imported to China from India. Offered escape and salvation unlike other Chinese philosophies. Some problems with monastic lifestyle seperating people from their families, not 100% integration.
4.5
Shi Huangdi: unite China, Qin Dynasty, spent twenty years conquering and unifying warring states. Centralized power, employed legalism. Ordered the building of the Great Wall.
Dissent and reaction: torture and death to those that opposed his rule.
The Great Wall: showed the might of the empire, some attempt at blocking a Mongol invasion
Han Dynasty: 206 BC - 220 AD, inspired trade with Silk Road, monopolized iron and salt for China, fought to expand empire. Broken into several smaller kingdoms
Liu Bang/ Gao Zu: claimed power based on the Mandate of Heaven, new dynasty. Lowered taxes, eased Legalist policies, and employed Confucian scholars
Wudi: 141 BC - 87 BC, set up imperial university at Xian, improved infrastructure, expanded the empire, monopolized salt and iron for the government. Most famous Han Emperor.
monopoly: complete control of a good or business by one person or group.
expansionism: the desire to expand, to take control of more land.
silk road: Wudi created, brought grapes, figs, cucumbers, and walnuts to China. Sent silk out into the rest of the world.
civil service: employed well-educated scholars to run the bureacratic government, Confucian ideal. Positions were given based on merit, not social rank.
warlords: local military leaders that toppled the Hand Dynasty and set up smaller kingdoms.
acupuncture: needle punctures to specific body points to relieve pain or treat illness.
Cai Lun: invented a method for making durable paper out of wood pulp.
Ban Zhao: wrote Lessons for a Woman, proper behavior for men and women 100 AD.
Friday, February 6, 2009
7th Grade 3.3, 4.4 and 4.5
3.3
Shang Di
Ancestor Worship/Intercession
Yin
Yang
pictograph
ideograph
Mandate of Heaven
4.4
Confucius
Confucianism
5 Relationships
filial piety
Han Feizi
Legalism
Daoism
Laozi
Buddhism
4.5
Shi Huangdi
Dissent and reaction
The Great Wall
Han Dynasty
Liu Bang/ Gao Zu
Wudi
monopoly
expansionism
silk road
civil service
warlords
acupuncture
Cai Lin
Ban Zhao
Shang Di
Ancestor Worship/Intercession
Yin
Yang
pictograph
ideograph
Mandate of Heaven
4.4
Confucius
Confucianism
5 Relationships
filial piety
Han Feizi
Legalism
Daoism
Laozi
Buddhism
4.5
Shi Huangdi
Dissent and reaction
The Great Wall
Han Dynasty
Liu Bang/ Gao Zu
Wudi
monopoly
expansionism
silk road
civil service
warlords
acupuncture
Cai Lin
Ban Zhao
Wednesday, February 4, 2009
6th Grade 8.1
8.1
Isthmus of Tehuantepec
Baja California
Mexican Plateau
Sierra Madre Oriental/Occidental
Mt. Orizaba
Yucatan Peninsula
sinkholes
Sonoran Desert
Chihuahuan Desert
Oil, mining and water status
8.2
Mesoamerica
1500 BC
Olmec
200 AD
Maya
250 AD
800 AD
Aztec
1200 AD
1519 AD
chinampas
Hernan Cortes
conquistadores
epidemic
smallpox
1520
1521
empire
mestizos
mulattoes
ejidos
haciendas
1810
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
1811
1821
1845
Porfirio Diaz
1910
1920
All Saints' Day
All Souls' Day
Isthmus of Tehuantepec
Baja California
Mexican Plateau
Sierra Madre Oriental/Occidental
Mt. Orizaba
Yucatan Peninsula
sinkholes
Sonoran Desert
Chihuahuan Desert
Oil, mining and water status
8.2
Mesoamerica
1500 BC
Olmec
200 AD
Maya
250 AD
800 AD
Aztec
1200 AD
1519 AD
chinampas
Hernan Cortes
conquistadores
epidemic
smallpox
1520
1521
empire
mestizos
mulattoes
ejidos
haciendas
1810
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
1811
1821
1845
Porfirio Diaz
1910
1920
All Saints' Day
All Souls' Day
7th Grade Chinese History 13.1 Terms
13.1
Wu Zhao
usurped
Han Dynasty
Sui Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
Li Yuan
Li Shimin/Tang Taizong
tributary states
land reform
Song Dynasty
Chinese Court Structure
gentry
civil service exam
Confucian philosophy
Pease Life: economic, political, social and education
merchant status
women as familial managers
marriage roles
footbinding
landscape painting
pagoda
Buddha statues
porcelain
Li Bo
Du Fu
Li Qinzhao
Read 3.3, 4.4 and 4.5 for exam.
Wu Zhao
usurped
Han Dynasty
Sui Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
Li Yuan
Li Shimin/Tang Taizong
tributary states
land reform
Song Dynasty
Chinese Court Structure
gentry
civil service exam
Confucian philosophy
Pease Life: economic, political, social and education
merchant status
women as familial managers
marriage roles
footbinding
landscape painting
pagoda
Buddha statues
porcelain
Li Bo
Du Fu
Li Qinzhao
Read 3.3, 4.4 and 4.5 for exam.
8th Grade Chapter 17 Terms, Exam 02/10/09
17.1
Manifest Destiny
John O'Sullivan
John Tyler
Henry Clay
James K. Polk
Zachary Taylor
17.2
Mexican War
Henry David Thoreau
Stephen Kearny
Bear Flag Revolt
John C. Fremont
Robert Stockton
Winfield Scott
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexican Session
Gadsden Purchase
Civil Disobedience
17.3
Joseph Smith
Mormons
Brigham Young
Mormon Trail
17.4
1849
California Gold Rush
49'ers
prospect/prospectors
gold production 1847-1860
Manifest Destiny
John O'Sullivan
John Tyler
Henry Clay
James K. Polk
Zachary Taylor
17.2
Mexican War
Henry David Thoreau
Stephen Kearny
Bear Flag Revolt
John C. Fremont
Robert Stockton
Winfield Scott
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexican Session
Gadsden Purchase
Civil Disobedience
17.3
Joseph Smith
Mormons
Brigham Young
Mormon Trail
17.4
1849
California Gold Rush
49'ers
prospect/prospectors
gold production 1847-1860
Monday, February 2, 2009
6th Grade Terms defined
Tepuis: plateaus with sandstone that prevents erosion, Guiana Highlands
Cordillera: mountain system made up of parallel ranges, Colombia
Llanos: plains region, E. Colombia, W. Venezuela
Andes: mountains with active volcanoes and earthquakes, W. Coast
5 zones:
tierra caliente: hot country, bananas, sugar, rice, 0-3000ft
tierra templada: coffee, corn, wheat, cotton, potatoes 3000-6000ft
tierra fria: potatoes, wheat, oats, barley, rye 6000-10000ft
paramo: potatoes, grasslands, shrubs, and grazing, 10000-16000ft
tierra helada: snow 16000ft+
Chibcha: native Colombians, developed civilization, fine crafts
El Dorado: comes from Chibcha gold and emerald ritual
Quinine: product from S. American bark that fights Malaria
Cassava: tropical plant, starchy root.
Tejo: ring toss came, Colombia
Columbus 1498: C. Columbus on the Venezuelan coast
Simon Bolivar: S. American revolutionary, fought for independence from Spain
Caudillos: strong men, military leaders of Venezuela
Lake Maracaibo: Caribbean bay, Venezuelan drills for oil
Pardos: people of mixed European, African and S. American decent.
Joropo: couples dance with stomping from Venezuela.
Toros Caleados: Venezuelan rodeo game where you pull a Bull’s tail to the ground
Indentured Servants: Asian workers brought over by Europeans to the Americas.
Pidgin languages: secret languages that combine native dialects.
Amazon River: largest river system in the world, 4000 miles long
Gran Chaco: flat and lowlands plains and plateaus
Pampas: wide grassy plain region in central Argentina
Patagonia: desert region of dry plains, and plateaus in S. Argentina
Tierra del Fuego: wind-swept island in the Southern tips of S. America
Mount Aconcagua: highest peak in the Andes
Parana River System
Estuary: partially enclosed body of water mixing salt and fresh water
Soil Exhaustion: loss of nutrients needed by plants.
Overgrazing: too many animals depending on area.
Tapioca: delicious, made from cassava root
Sugar plantations: replaced forests and slaved worked them, Brazil
Cattle ranches: set up by Portuguese, set up new economies in S. America.
Macumba: combination of Christianity, native and African spirituality.
Carnival: pre-lent, Brazil, festivals and parades.
Vatapa: sea food, sauces, red peppers
Feijoda: stew of black beans and meat.
Manaus: major inland city, Amazon river port and industrial city
Belem: large mining district in Brazil
Salvador: poorest city in N. East Brazil.
Favelas: huge slums in Brazil, often surrounding the city
Encomienda: system in which Spanish colonists worked Indians on their land.
Guachos: Argentine cowboys
Parrallida: Argentinean sausage and steak dish.
Mercosur: trade organization that promotes economic cooperation in Argentina
Landlocked: a nation without natural borders to the sea.
Cordillera: mountain system made up of parallel ranges, Colombia
Llanos: plains region, E. Colombia, W. Venezuela
Andes: mountains with active volcanoes and earthquakes, W. Coast
5 zones:
tierra caliente: hot country, bananas, sugar, rice, 0-3000ft
tierra templada: coffee, corn, wheat, cotton, potatoes 3000-6000ft
tierra fria: potatoes, wheat, oats, barley, rye 6000-10000ft
paramo: potatoes, grasslands, shrubs, and grazing, 10000-16000ft
tierra helada: snow 16000ft+
Chibcha: native Colombians, developed civilization, fine crafts
El Dorado: comes from Chibcha gold and emerald ritual
Quinine: product from S. American bark that fights Malaria
Cassava: tropical plant, starchy root.
Tejo: ring toss came, Colombia
Columbus 1498: C. Columbus on the Venezuelan coast
Simon Bolivar: S. American revolutionary, fought for independence from Spain
Caudillos: strong men, military leaders of Venezuela
Lake Maracaibo: Caribbean bay, Venezuelan drills for oil
Pardos: people of mixed European, African and S. American decent.
Joropo: couples dance with stomping from Venezuela.
Toros Caleados: Venezuelan rodeo game where you pull a Bull’s tail to the ground
Indentured Servants: Asian workers brought over by Europeans to the Americas.
Pidgin languages: secret languages that combine native dialects.
Amazon River: largest river system in the world, 4000 miles long
Gran Chaco: flat and lowlands plains and plateaus
Pampas: wide grassy plain region in central Argentina
Patagonia: desert region of dry plains, and plateaus in S. Argentina
Tierra del Fuego: wind-swept island in the Southern tips of S. America
Mount Aconcagua: highest peak in the Andes
Parana River System
Estuary: partially enclosed body of water mixing salt and fresh water
Soil Exhaustion: loss of nutrients needed by plants.
Overgrazing: too many animals depending on area.
Tapioca: delicious, made from cassava root
Sugar plantations: replaced forests and slaved worked them, Brazil
Cattle ranches: set up by Portuguese, set up new economies in S. America.
Macumba: combination of Christianity, native and African spirituality.
Carnival: pre-lent, Brazil, festivals and parades.
Vatapa: sea food, sauces, red peppers
Feijoda: stew of black beans and meat.
Manaus: major inland city, Amazon river port and industrial city
Belem: large mining district in Brazil
Salvador: poorest city in N. East Brazil.
Favelas: huge slums in Brazil, often surrounding the city
Encomienda: system in which Spanish colonists worked Indians on their land.
Guachos: Argentine cowboys
Parrallida: Argentinean sausage and steak dish.
Mercosur: trade organization that promotes economic cooperation in Argentina
Landlocked: a nation without natural borders to the sea.
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