11.1
oasis
Bedouins
Mecca
Muhammad
Khadija
Gabriel
Islam
Allah
Yathrib/Medina
hijra
Kaaba
monotheistic
Quran
5 Pillars
masjids/mosques
hajj
jihad
Ramadan
Sharia
Daughter killing
570 AD
622
630
632
11.2
caliph
Byzantine Empire
711
732
Conquered peoples
Battle of Tours
Alhambra
Sicily
Sunni
Shiite
661
Sufi
Umayyads
750
Abbassids
minarets
muezzin
850
Seljuk Turks
1055
sultan
1099
Crusaders
Saladin
1216
Genghiz Khan
Tamerlane
