5.1
Culture: a learned system of shared beliefs and behaviors that guide an individual's actions.
Ethnic Groups: shared cultural aspects such as religion, history, language, holidays, and food.
Race: inherited physical or biological traits, not to be confused with ethnic groups.
Diffusion: the spread of one's culture or behaviors into new areas of humanity.
Acculturation: borrowing aspects of another culture as the result of long term contact.
Symbol: a sign that stands for something, for example: a flag, word, shape, color.
History: events that shape and bring together aspects of one's culture.
Environment: the natural factors that affect one's history, culture, and behaviors.
Domestication: the process by which plants or animals become dependent on people for their survival. Cattle, sheep, maize, wheat etc.
Subsistence agriculture: growing only the food required to feed yourself and your dependents.
Commercial agriculture: growing in surplus in order to sell and feed others for profit in order to buy additional critical goods.
Civilization: highly complex society composed of law, writing, and some specification of heirarchy.
5.2
Population density: the number of people for a measured unit of area.
Population growth: how many people are born measured against how many people die within a specific area and time period.
Primary industry: directly involve a natural resource or raw materials.
Secondary industry: change raw materials into a finished product.
Tertiary industry: handle the selling of goods to be provided to the consumer.
Quaternary industry: address research and administration of goods.
Gross National Product (GNP): the collected value of all goods and services in a year associated with the economy of one specific nation.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP): the collected goods and services produced specifically within one nation.
Developed countries: nations primarily composed of secondary, tertiary and quaternary industries.
Developing countries: 2/3rds of the world, dependent mostly upon primary industry.
Factors of production: the elements and drives that decide what is produced in an economy.
Market economy: producers and consumers control the factors of production.
Command economy: the government controls the factors of production.
Traditional economy: custom and tradition (religion) control the factors of production.
Democracy: an election based government ruled by the will of the people.
Unlimited government: total control of their citizenry.
Limited government: government is held accountable to and by its citizenry.
5.3
Scarcity: unlimited wants coupled with limited goods
Global carrying capacity: the maximum number of species and population that the earth is able to support.
